中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (20): 3136-3142.doi: 10.12307/2023.471

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

游泳运动与饮食控制改善高脂饮食APOE-/-小鼠下丘脑病变的机制

丁琳琳1,卢陶陶1,魏  伟2,3,李永旭1,林丽斌1,林志诚2,3,薛偕华2,3   

  1. 1福建中医药大学康复医学院,福建省福州市  350108;2福建中医药大学附属康复医院,福建省福州市  350003;3福建省认知功能康复重点实验室,福建省福州市  350003
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-21 接受日期:2022-07-14 出版日期:2023-07-18 发布日期:2022-11-19
  • 通讯作者: 薛偕华,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,福建中医药大学附属康复医院,福建省福州市 350003;福建省认知功能康复重点实验室,福建省福州市 350003
  • 作者简介:丁琳琳,女,1997年生,吉林省白城市人,汉族,福建中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事神经康复与认知科学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金(2020J01759),项目负责人:林志诚

Mechanisms by which swimming exercise and diet control improve hypothalamic lesions in APOE-/- mice with high-fat diet

Ding Linlin1, Lu Taotao1, Wei Wei2, 3, Li Yongxu1, Lin Libin1, Lin Zhicheng2, 3, Xue Xiehua2, 3   

  1. 1College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China; 2The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China; 3Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-21 Accepted:2022-07-14 Online:2023-07-18 Published:2022-11-19
  • Contact: Xue Xiehua, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Ding Linlin, Master candidate, College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Fujian Natural Science Foundation, No. 2020J01759 (to LZC)

摘要:


文题释义:

APOE-/-:载脂蛋白E(APOE)是一种糖蛋白,能够与特定的肝脏和外周细胞受体结合,对富含三酰甘油的脂蛋白成分的正常分解具有重要作用,并在中枢系统中广泛表达。APOE-/-小鼠为APOE基因敲除小鼠,又叫APOE基因缺陷小鼠,是美国洛克菲勒大学生化遗传与代谢实验室和北卡罗莱那大学病理遗传实验室在20世纪90年代培育成功的。
PGC-1α-SIRT3信号通路:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ共激活因子1α(PGC-1α)是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ共激活因子1的成员之一,参与线粒体的合成,是能量代谢调节的重要转录活化因子。PGC-1α的下游信号靶点去乙酰化酶3(SIRT3),是sirtuins蛋白家族的成员,具有NAD+依赖性脱乙酰酶活性,在线粒体中广泛存在,是代谢调节的重要蛋白质。PGC-1α可通过调节SIRT3的表达,从而调节能量代谢的平衡。

背景:游泳运动和饮食控制是目前公认的改善代谢异常的重要干预方式,下丘脑去乙酰化酶3、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α蛋白是调控能量代谢的重要因子,但游泳运动和饮食控制对高脂饮食载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠下丘脑病变的影响及其与PGC-1α-SIRT3通路的相关性,目前尚不清楚。
目的:探讨游泳运动与饮食控制调节高脂饮食ApoE-/-小鼠下丘脑病变的可能机制。
方法:50只20周龄的SPF级雄性ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为对照组(正常饮食)、高脂饮食组、饮食控制组、游泳组、饮食控制+游泳组,每组10只。除对照组(普通饲料)外,其余各组均进行8周的高脂饲料(21%脂肪,0.15%胆固醇)饲养。饲养8周后,饮食控制组和饮食控制+游泳组改为普通饲料喂养,其余各组喂养方式不变;游泳组和饮食控制+游泳组进行无负重的游泳运动,共持续8周。每周的同一时间测量各组小鼠的体质量,MRI波谱检测下丘脑代谢物质N-乙酰天门冬氨酸、胆碱复合物、肌酸、肌醇的表达变化;电镜检测小鼠下丘脑的线粒体和髓鞘形态变化;蛋白质免疫印迹法检测下丘脑去乙酰化酶3、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α蛋白的表达。
结果与结论:①高脂饮食喂养后对照组体质量显著低于其余4组;干预8周后,游泳组、饮食控制组、饮食控制+游泳运动组体质量显著低于高脂饮食组(P < 0.05),饮食控制+游泳运动的下降趋势最明显;②与对照组相比,高脂饮食组的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸、胆碱复合物显著减少,肌醇显著增加(P < 0.05);与高脂饮食组相比,饮食控制组、游泳组和饮食控制+游泳组N-乙酰天门冬氨酸、胆碱复合物显著增加,肌醇显著减少(P < 0.05),其中饮食控制+游泳组的作用更显著;③饮食控制组、游泳组、饮食控制+游泳组下丘脑的去乙酰化酶3和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α蛋白表达显著高于高脂饮食组(P < 0.05);④电镜结果显示,高脂饮食组小鼠线粒体发生肿胀,嵴断裂、消失或成新空泡化,髓鞘机构模糊,大部分髓鞘中部与边缘分离,呈现空泡化变性;饮食控制和游泳运动干预后,线粒体和髓鞘的形态结构得到改善;饮食控制+游泳组线粒体、髓鞘形态和结构趋于正常;⑤结果表明,游泳运动和饮食控制可有效改善高脂诱导的下丘脑病变,二者结合效果更佳,其机制可能与上调线粒体相关蛋白去乙酰化酶3和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α表达、改善下丘脑神经代谢和缓解线粒体功能障碍有关。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-3558 (丁琳琳)

关键词: 游泳运动, 饮食控制, 高脂饮食, 下丘脑, MRI波谱

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Swimming exercise and diet control are currently recognized as important interventions to improve metabolic abnormalities. Hypothalamic sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are important factors regulating energy metabolism, but the correlation between the effects of swimming exercise and diet control on hypothalamic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout (APOE-/-) mice with high-fat diet and the PGC-1α-SIRT3 pathway is still unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible mechanism of swimming exercise and diet control in regulating hypothalamic lesions of APOE-/- mice with high-fat diet.
METHODS: Fifty 20-week-old APOE-/- mice were randomly divided into normal diet group, high-fat diet group, diet control group, swimming exercise group and diet control+swimming exercise group, with 10 mice in each group. Except for the control group (normal diet), the other groups were fed with high-fat diet (21% fat, 0.15% cholesterol) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, the diet control group and the diet control+swimming exercise group were normally fed, and there were no changes in the other groups. The swimming exercise group and the diet control+swimming exercise group were given no weight-bearing swimming for 8 weeks in total. Mice were weighed at the same time each week, and changes in hypothalamic metabolites, including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline complex (Cho), creatine (Cr), and myo inositol (MI) were detected by magnetic resonance spectrum of the hypothalamus. Morphological changes of mitochondria and myelin sheath in the hypothalamus were detected by electron microscopy. SIRT3 and PGC-1α protein expression was detected by western blot.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The body mass of the control group was significantly lower than that of the other four groups after high-fat diet feeding. After 8 weeks of intervention, the body mass of swimming exercise group, diet control group, diet control+swimming exercise group was significantly lower than that of high-fat diet group (P < 0.05), and the decreasing trend of diet control+swimming exercise group was the most obvious. Compared with the control group, the NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr of the high-fat diet group decreased significantly, and the MI/Cr increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the high-fat diet group, the NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr of the diet control group, the swimming exercise group and the diet control+swimming exercise group increased significantly, while the MI/Cr decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The improvement effect on NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr of diet control+swimming exercise group was better than that of diet control group and swimming exercise group. The protein levels of SIRT3 and PGC-1α in the hypothalamus of diet control group, swimming exercise group and diet control+swimming exercise group were significantly higher than those of high-fat diet group (P < 0.05). The results of electron microscopy showed that in the high-fat diet group the mitochondria of mice were swollen, the crists were broken, disappeared or vacuolated, the myelin mechanism was blurred, most of the myelin was separated from the middle and edge, and the vacuolated degeneration was observed. The morphology and structure of mitochondria and myelin were improved after diet control and swimming exercise intervention. These findings indicate that both swimming exercise and diet control can effectively improve high-fat-induced hypothalamic lesions, and the combination of the two achieves better outcomes. The underlying mechanism is related to up-regulating the expression of mitochondria-related proteins PGC-1α and SIRT3, improving hypothalamic neurometabolism, and alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Key words: swimming exercise, diet control, high-fat diet, hypothalamus, magnetic resonance spectrum

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