中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (15): 2453-2460.doi: 10.12307/2023.614

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

外泌体及miRNA在早发性卵巢功能不全机制和诊疗中的作用

李  冉1,贾红玲2,张春晓2,赵若曦3,董静雯1,程怡心1,崔文哲1,张  晶4   

  1. 山东中医药大学,1针灸推拿学院,3中医学院,山东省济南市   250014;2山东中医药大学第二附属医院针灸科,山东省济南市   250001;4山东中医药大学,山东省济南市   250355
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-04 接受日期:2022-08-09 出版日期:2023-05-28 发布日期:2022-10-18
  • 通讯作者: 张晶,博士,教研室主任,山东中医药大学,山东省济南市 250355
  • 作者简介:李冉,女,1997年生,山东省新泰市人,汉族,山东中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事针灸经典理论与临床应用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2020KH027),项目负责人:张晶;山东省重点研发计划项目(2018GSF119025),项目负责人:张晶;2017年山东省研究生教育优质课程建设项目(SDYKC17067),项目负责人:张晶

Role of exosomes and miRNAs in the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency

Li Ran1, Jia Hongling2, Zhang Chunxiao2, Zhao Ruoxi3, Dong Jingwen1, Cheng Yixin1, Cui Wenzhe1, Zhang Jing4   

  1. 1College of Acupuncture and Massage, 3College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China; 4Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2022-07-04 Accepted:2022-08-09 Online:2023-05-28 Published:2022-10-18
  • Contact: Zhang Jing, MD, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Li Ran, Master candidate, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2020KH027 (to ZJ); Shandong Provincial Key Research & Development Program, No. 2018GSF119025 (to ZJ); 2017 Shandong Provincial Postgraduate Education Quality Course Construction Project, No. SDYKC17067 (to ZJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
外泌体:作为胞外囊泡一个亚类,其本质是细胞向外释放的双层囊泡小体,平均直径在100 nm左右,可携带如脂类、蛋白质、核酸等众多活性成分及细胞代谢产物,能够通过细胞间的传递发挥重要作用,在组织修复、疾病的诊断与治疗领域有重要的前景。
MicroRNA(miRNA):是一类高度保守的组织特异性非小蛋白非编码RNA,具有通过识别同源序列以及抑制mRNA翻译或促进mRNA降解在转录后水平调节基因表达的能力。

背景:早发性卵巢功能不全是临床上影响女性生殖健康的重要病因之一。近年来,随着再生医学的发展,许多学者认为间充质干细胞通过旁分泌途径分泌相关细胞因子(如外泌体和miRNA)改善卵巢间质微环境,促进卵巢组织修复。
目的:总结外泌体及miRNA治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的研究进展,深入探究其存在的相关机制,为外泌体及miRNA治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的进一步研究和临床诊疗提供理论依据。
方法:在CNKI和PubMed数据库检索自数据库建库至2022年6月期间的文献,中文检索词为“外泌体,miRNA,早发性卵巢功能不全,卵巢早衰”,英文检索词为“exosome,miRNA,ovary,premature ovarian failure,premature ovarian insufficiency”,排除研究目的与该综述不相关及重复的文献,将检索到的有关机制和诊疗的文献进行整理,共纳入63篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:①各类外泌体及miRNA对早发性卵巢功能不全的细胞、动物模型都有良好的治疗效果,具体机制包括促进增殖、影响凋亡、分泌激素、氧化应激和炎症反应等。②大量的临床前实验为临床诊疗提供理论依据,但临床试验仍处于起步阶段,其安全性和有效性需要进一步确认。外泌体在针刺治疗过程中发挥着重要作用,可以外泌体为切入点干预针刺靶向治病机制,以期进一步提高针刺治疗效果。③通过总结可以看出,外泌体及miRNA对于早发性卵巢功能不全的治疗作用往往不是只局限于某一方面,而是通过多种通路、多个靶点协同作用进而达到良好的治疗效果。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-2742 (李冉) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 早发性卵巢功能不全, 卵巢早衰, 外泌体, miRNA, 机制, 诊疗, 作用

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Premature ovarian insufficiency is one of the important causes affecting female reproductive health in clinical practice. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, many scholars believe that mesenchymal stem cells improve ovarian mesenchymal microenvironment and promote ovarian tissue repair by secreting related cytokines (such as exosomes and miRNA) through paracrine pathway.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the research progress of exosomes and miRNA in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency, explore the related mechanism, and provide theoretical basis for further research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of exosomes and miRNA in the treatment of early-onset ovarian insufficiency.
METHODS: The articles from the establishment of the database to June 2022 were searched in CNKI database and PubMed database. The Chinese search words were “exosomes, miRNA, premature ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian failure”, and the English search words were “exosome, miRNA, ovary, premature ovarian failure, premature ovarian insufficiency”. Articles whose purposes were irrelevant to the review and repeated were excluded. The retrieved articles on mechanism and diagnosis and treatment were sorted out. A total of 63 articles were included for analysis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All kinds of exosomes and miRNAs have good therapeutic effects on cells and animal models of premature ovarian insufficiency, and the specific mechanisms include promoting proliferation, affecting apoptosis, secretion of hormones, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. (2) A large number of preclinical experiments have provided theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but clinical trials are still in their infancy, and their safety and efficacy need to be further confirmed. Exosomes play an important role in the process of acupuncture therapy. Exosomes are used as a breakthrough point to intervene the mechanism of targeted acupuncture therapy, so as to further improve the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. (3) From the summary, we can see that the therapeutic effect of exosomes and miRNA on premature ovarian insufficiency is not only limited to a certain aspect, but also achieves good therapeutic effect through the synergistic interaction of multiple pathways and multiple targets.

Key words: premature ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian failure, exosome, microRNA, mechanism, diagnosis and treatment, role

中图分类号: