中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 657-663.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.05.009

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两种不同Duchenne型肌营养不良症模型鼠神经肌肉接头结构的比较

孔 杰1,2,操基清1,杨 娟1,陈 菲1,李亚勤1,张 成1   

  1. 1中山大学第一附属医院神经科,广东省广州市 510080;2广州中医药大学附属宝安区中医院脑病科,广东省深圳市 518133
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-29 出版日期:2016-01-29 发布日期:2016-01-29
  • 作者简介:孔杰,男,1980年生,安徽省合肥市人,汉族,2012年中山大学毕业,博士,主治医师,主要从事于神经遗传病和肌肉疾病的临床和基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2015年卫生计生系统科研项目(201505021)

Comparison of neuromuscular junction of two kinds of mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Kong Jie1, 2, Cao Ji-qing1, Yang Juan1, Chen Fei1, Li Ya-qin1, Zhang Cheng1   

  1. 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; 2Department of Encephalopathy, Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2015-11-29 Online:2016-01-29 Published:2016-01-29
  • About author:Kong Jie, M.D., Attending physician, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Encephalopathy, Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Health and Family Planning System Research Project in 2015, No.201505021

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

神经肌肉接头:是运动神经元轴突末梢在骨骼肌肌纤维上的接触点。位于脊髓前角和脑干一些神经核内的运动神经元,向被它们支配的肌肉各发出一根很长的轴突,即神经纤维。这些神经纤维在接近肌细胞,即肌纤维处,各自分出数十或百根以上的分支。一根分支通常只终止于一根肌纤维上,形成1对1的神经肌肉接头。从神经纤维传来的信号即通过接头传给肌纤维。神经肌肉接头是一种特化的化学突触,其递质是乙酰胆碱(ACh)。无脊椎动物如螯虾的神经肌肉接头的递质是谷氨酸(兴奋性纤维的递质)或γ-氨基丁酸(抑制性纤维的递质)。

Duchenne型肌营养不良症:假肥大型肌营养不良症(DMD) 也称Duchenne型肌营养不良症,是最常见的一类进行性肌营养不良症。患病率为3.3/10万,占出生男婴的20-30/10万,为X-连锁隐性遗传。主要是男孩发病,女性为致病基因的携带者。通常5岁左右发病。本病的发生是由于编码dystrophin的Duchenne型肌营养不良症基因的突变所引起,有约1/3病例为散发,没有家族史,是由基因新突变造成。治疗假肥大型肌营养不良通常以扶正生肌为原则。

 

背景:Duchenne型肌营养不良症患者神经肌肉接头结构存在缺陷,主要表现为乙酰胆碱受体结构碎片化和突触后膜上棘状突起的减少,一直以来,公认这种结构上的缺陷是肌细胞结构破坏、肌纤维坏死所致。
目的:探讨Duchenne型肌营养不良症模型鼠肌肉神经肌肉接头结构受损的原因。
方法:引进雄性mdx小鼠和雄性dko小鼠(两者均为Duchenne型肌营养不良症模型),经基因鉴定后供实验使用,选用雄性C57BL/6小鼠为正常对照。采用苏木精-伊红染色检测模型鼠肌肉病理改变;应用免疫荧光染色显示神经肌肉接头结构。比较两种不同Duchenne型肌营养不良症模型鼠肌肉组织dystrophin表达、病理变化及神经肌肉接头结构差异。

结果与结论:引进的模型鼠在基因型和蛋白表达层面均符合实验的要求,两种模型鼠神经肌肉接头上的乙酰胆碱受体数量有明显减少的趋势,尽管dko鼠肌肉较mdx鼠呈现出更为明显的炎性浸润和肌纤维破坏,但两者神经肌肉接头在结构上的受损并无明显差异,其乙酰胆碱受体的碎片化程度相似。这些证据表明,神经肌肉接头结构损伤和炎性病理反应是互相独立的事件,两者之间并无直接的关系。Dystrophin基因缺陷是导致乙酰胆碱受体结构碎片化的主要原因。 

ORCID: 0000-0002-0048-3060(孔杰)

关键词: 实验动物, 神经损伤与修复动物模型, Duchenne型肌营养不良症, 神经肌肉接头, 乙酰胆碱受体

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular junction structure has defects in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mainly presenting acetylcholine receptor structure fragmentation and the reduction of spine-like processes on the 
postsynaptic membrane. It is generally recognized that the structural defects are induced by structural damage of muscle cells and muscle fiber necrosis.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the reasons of damage on neuromuscular junction in mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 
METHODS: We introduced Duchenne muscular dystrophy models of male mdx mice and male Dko mice. After gene identification, they were used for tests. Male C57BL/6 mice were selected as normla controls. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was utilized to detect pathological changes in muscles. Neuromuscular junction structure was revealed using immunofluorescence staining. The differences in dystrophin expression, pathological features and neuromuscular junction structure were compared in mouse models of two kinds of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The introduced mouse models were accorded with the requirement of our experiment in aspects of genotype and protein expression levels. The number of acetylcholine receptor was apparently reduced in the neuromuscular junction of two kinds of mouse models. Although dko mouse muscles presented more obvious inflammatory infiltration and muscle fiber damage compared with mdx mice, but there was no significant difference in the damage to neuromuscular junction between them, and acetylcholine receptor fragmentation was identical. The evidence suggested that structural damage of neuromuscular junction and inflammatory pathological response are independent events. There is no direct relationship between them. Dystrophin gene deficiency is the main cause of the fragmentation of the acetylcholine receptor.