中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (18): 2919-2925.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2657

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

组织工程技术在股骨头坏死治疗应用中的新理念

夏天卫,刘金柱,施  乐,高润子,魏  伟,张  超,沈计荣   

  1. 南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏省南京市   210029
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-23 修回日期:2019-08-26 接受日期:2019-10-19 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 沈计荣,博士,教授,南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏省南京市 210029
  • 作者简介:夏天卫,男,1994年生,江苏省南京市人,汉族,2019年南京中医药大学毕业,硕士,主要从事骨与关节疾病的研究。 并列第一作者:刘金柱,男,1995年生,江苏省连云港市人,汉族,南京中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节疾病的研究。

New idea of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head

Xia Tianwei, Liu Jinzhu, Shi Le, Gao Runzi, Wei Wei, Zhang Chao, Shen Jirong   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2019-08-23 Revised:2019-08-26 Accepted:2019-10-19 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-04-07
  • Contact: Shen Jirong, MD, Professor, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Xia Tianwei, Master, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China Liu Jinzhu, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China Xia Tianwei and Liu Jinzhu contributed equally to this study.

摘要:

文题释义:

组织工程技术:种子细胞、生物材料、细胞与生物材料的结合及植入物与体内微环境的整合是组织工程学研究的4大要素,其中细胞和生物材料组成的复合体是研究核心。理想的生物支架复合体应接近机体自身组织生物学特性,其通过有效的生物力学效应为骨缺损区提供强有力的支撑,结合细胞因子作用促进毛细血管修复与再生及成骨细胞的分化增殖等,从而完成新生骨的再生。

中日友好分型:是中日友好医院骨科李子荣教授提出的股骨头坏死诊断分型。该分型根据MRI或CT冠状面图像的正中层面,依股骨头坏死灶占据三柱结构的部位分为:内侧型(M型,内侧柱)、中央型(C型,内侧柱和中央柱)、外侧型(L型,外侧柱或全部三柱)。根据坏死灶占据外侧柱的情况L型又分为:L1型(外侧柱部分存留)、L2型(坏死灶占据外侧柱但中央柱及内侧柱完整)和L3型(全股骨头坏死)3个亚型。

背景:股骨头坏死是骨科疑难病,早期采用保头术式,其中尤以植骨类手术为代表,自体骨与异体骨为常用的植骨材料,但自体骨移植创伤性大且供骨来源有限,异体骨虽来源丰富,但存在严重的免疫排斥反应和吸收风险。随着组织工程技术的发展,股骨头坏死的治疗又进入了新的模式。

目的:综述组织工程技术治疗股骨头坏死的研究现状与新进展。

方法:由第一作者检索2000至2019年PubMed数据库及CNKI数据库,英文以“osteonecrosis of femoral head,tissue engineering technology,mesenchymal stem cells,biomaterials,growth factor,bone grafting,hip preserving”为关键词,中文以“股骨头坏死,组织工程技术,间充质干细胞,生物材料,生长因子,植骨,保髋”为关键词,选择运用组织工程技术治疗股骨头坏死方面的文献,排除Meta分析类和重复研究文章,共纳入53篇代表性文献进行分析。

结果与结论:随着细胞学与材料学的不断发展,组织工程技术治疗股骨头坏死已取得较大进展,包括基因修饰的不同种类间充质干细胞修复骨坏死、3D打印及纳米技术应用于支架材料、生长因子的表达与股骨头坏死的关系等。理想的生物支架复合体应接近机体自身组织生物学特性,其通过有效的生物力学性能为坏死区提供支撑,从而降低坏死区压力,结合细胞因子作用促进毛细血管修复与再生及成骨细胞的分化增殖等,完成坏死区新生骨的再生。但目前这些研究大多数尚处于动物实验阶段,随着纳米技术、临床医学及组织工程学的快速发展,性能完全的人工制造仿生替代植骨材料将有望诞生,给保髋患者带来福音。

ORCID: 0000-0001-5162-695X(沈计荣)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨头坏死, 组织工程技术, 间充质干细胞, 生物材料, 生长因子, 植骨, 保髋

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of femoral head is a difficult disease in orthopedics, and head-preserving surgery is adopted in the early stage, especially bone grafting, in which autogenous bone and allogenic bone are commonly used as bone graft materials. However, autogenous bone transplantation is traumatic and has limited source of donor bone. Although there are abundant sources of allogeneic bone, there are serious immunologic rejection and absorption risks. With the development of tissue engineering technology, osteonecrosis of femoral head treatment has entered a new mode. 

OBJECTIVE: To review the research status and new progress of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head.

METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI database from 2000 to 2019 were searched by the first author. The key words were “osteonecrosis of femoral head, tissue engineering technology, mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials, growth factor, bone grafting, hip preserving” in English and Chinese. Meta-analysis and repetitive articles were excluded. A total of 53 literatures related to tissue engineering techniques for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head were included.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of cytology and material science, great progress has been made in the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head with tissue engineering technology. It includes different kinds of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells for repairing osteonecrosis, 3D printing and nanotechnology for scaffold materials, and the relationship between the expression of growth factor and osteonecrosis of femoral head. The ideal scaffold complex should be close to the biological characteristics of the organism itself. It can provide support for the necrotic area through effective biomechanical properties, thus reducing the pressure of necrotic area, promoting capillary repair and regeneration, and differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts combined with cytokines, so as to complete the regeneration of new bone in necrotic area. However, most of these studies are still in the animal experimental stage. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, clinical medicine and tissue engineering, the full performance artificial manufacturing of bionic bone graft materials will be expected to be born, which will bring good news to hip patients.

Key words: osteonecrosis of femoral head, tissue engineering technology, mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials, growth factor, bone grafting, hip preserving

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