中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 1949-1956.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2551

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

锁定接骨板治疗累及肱骨距的肱骨近端骨折:有效支撑、并发症和功能恢复

徐  鹏1,2,苏  萍3,李雪栋1,2,芮永军2   

  1. 1苏州大学,江苏省苏州市  215008;2苏州大学附属无锡九院,江苏省无锡市  214000;3厦门医学院基础医学部病理学与病理生理学教研室,福建省厦门市  361000

  • 收稿日期:2019-09-26 修回日期:2019-09-28 接受日期:2019-10-31 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 芮永军,博士,主任医师,苏州大学附属无锡九院,江苏省无锡市 214000
  • 作者简介:徐鹏,男,1993年生,湖北省武汉市人,汉族,苏州大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤骨科方面的研究。

Locking plate in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures involving humeral calcar: effective support, complications and functional recovery

Xu Peng1, 2, Su Ping3, Li Xuedong1, 2, Rui Yongjun2   

  1. 1Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Wuxi No. 9 Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-26 Revised:2019-09-28 Accepted:2019-10-31 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-03-03
  • Contact: Rui Yongjun, MD, Chief physician, Wuxi No. 9 Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Xu Peng, Master candidate, Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China; Wuxi No. 9 Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
肱骨距:为肱骨头下方内侧壁的一段骨皮质区域,位于肱骨头下内侧及背侧区,该区域含有较多的骨小梁,肱骨近端三、四部分骨折时常累及肱骨距,而“距螺钉”放置在该区域能支撑肱骨头,维持内侧柱稳定。肱骨距概念的提出是为了更好地治疗肱骨近端骨折,因此很好的理解肱骨距的重要性及了解肱骨距粉碎的形态对于治疗肱骨近端骨折非常重要。
内侧柱支撑:肱骨近端骨折常伴有肱骨距粉碎,Philos钢板固定后,容易出现肱骨头坏死、螺钉穿出关节面等并发症,通过使用特殊的距螺钉置入肱骨距区域或使用同种异体腓骨髓内支撑,能给肱骨近端内侧柱提供有效支撑,防止术后肱骨头内翻等并发症的发生。

背景:肱骨近端骨折的保头治疗是创伤骨科的难点,而如何获得内侧柱支撑是近年研究的热点。

目的:总结肱骨距的一般概念、临床意义及作用、常见的损伤原因、钢板固定治疗进展,以期提高临床医师对肱骨距的认识,减少手术并发症的发生。

方法:由第一作者检索2004至2019年万方、知网、维普、PubMed、Web of science、Springer Link等数据库收录的关于肱骨近端内侧壁治疗及研究进展的相关文献。英文检索词为“proximal humeral fracture,Philos,infermedial screw,calcar screw,fibularallograft,middle support”,中文检索词为“肱骨近端骨折,肱骨距,内侧柱,钢板,腓骨移植”,同时对文章中参考文献进行人工检索。按照纳入排除标准最终共纳入51篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①目前对于肱骨距的范围定义仍不明确,累及肱骨距的骨折目前无统一的分型标准,X射线片显示的肱骨距损伤模式常常与骨折实际情况不符,累及肱骨距的骨折往往是复杂的骨折。临床医师对肱骨距认识、重视程度不够是引起肱骨距损伤和未能得到很好修复的主要原因;②钢板治疗仍是肱骨近端骨折的首选,对于“可修复性内侧壁”,根据肱骨距损伤情况决定重建内侧柱方式,使用距螺钉、同种异体腓骨髓内植骨、骨水泥增强、内侧钢板都是可行的方法,术中实现内侧壁解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑能帮助减少术后并发症,而内侧钢板的使用需要更多研究进一步验证,肩袖修复对内侧柱支撑也是至关重要的;③肱骨距的范围需要达成统一的观点,充分了解肱骨距的重要性对于肱骨近端骨折治疗至关重要。术前应详细了解肱骨距的骨折模式,选择最佳手术方式,术中实现内侧壁的解剖复位、获得内侧柱的有效支撑可减少骨折术后并发症,术中肩袖的良好修复也是患者取得较好功能很重要的一环。

ORCID: 0000-0002-5163-1529(徐鹏)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 肱骨近端骨折, 内侧壁, 肱骨距, 接骨板, 腓骨移植

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Saving the humeral head is a challenge when the proximal humerus is fracture in orthopedic trauma, and how to obtain medial column support is a hot topic in recent years.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the general concept, clinical significance and function, the common injury mechanism of humeral calcar, and the progress using locking plate so as to improve the clinicians’ understanding for the humeral calcar and to reduce the occurrence of surgical complications.

METHODS: From 2004 to 2019, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Springer Link about the treatment and research progress of proximal medial wall of the humerus were searched by the first author. The key words were “proximal humeral fracture, Philos, infermedial screw, calcar screw, fibular allograft, middle support” in English, and “proximal humeral fracture, humeral spur, medial column, plate, fibular allograft” in Chinese. The references were retrieved by hand. Finally, 51 studies were used for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The range of the humeral calcar region is still unclear. There is no uniform classification standard for fractures involving the humeral calcar region. X-ray films show that calcar fracture patterns are often inconsistent with the actual fracture situation, which is often a complex fracture. Lack of understanding and paying litter attention to the humeral calcar region is the main reason of iatrogenic injury and the failure to get a good repair. (2) Treatment using the locking plate is still the preferred method for proximal humerus fracture. Meanwhile, it is a feasible method that using the screw, the allogeneic iliac bone graft, the bone cement or the medial plate to reconstruct the medial column if there is a “repairable medial wall”. Getting anatomical reduction of the internal wall and effective support of the medial column during operation can help to reduce postoperative complications. However, the use of the medial buttress plate requires further research to verify. It is critical important to repair the rotator cuff for the medial column support. (3) The range of the humeral calcar region needs to be unified. Understanding the humerus calcar is essential for the treatment of proximal humeral fracture. Only by mastering the fracture mode of the humerus calcar and choosing the most appropriate surgical procedure before surgery, meanwhile,achieving anatomical reduction of the medial wall and the effective support of the medial column during operation can reduce the postoperative complications of the fracture. Repairing of the rotator cuff carefully during operation is indispensable for patients to obtain better shoulder function.

Key words: proximal humerus fracture, medial wall, humeral calcar, plate, fibular graft

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