中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (15): 2342-2348.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2521

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

撬拨复位微创置板与经“L”型切口内固定治疗跟骨骨折的比较

郑志辉,蔡沛彪,关可立,李晓武,郑  洵,陈海波,曾庆强   

  1. 汕头市中医医院(广州中医药大学附属汕头医院)骨二科,广东省汕头市   515031
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-30 修回日期:2019-08-02 接受日期:2019-09-02 出版日期:2020-05-28 发布日期:2020-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 曾庆强,硕士,主任医师,汕头市中医医院(广州中医药大学附属汕头医院)骨二科,广东省汕头市 515031
  • 作者简介:郑志辉,男,1984年生,广东省汕头市人,2011年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事髋膝关节疾病及四肢骨折方面的研究。 并列第一作者:蔡沛彪,男,1989年生,广东省汕头市人,2016年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱疾病及四肢骨折方面的研究。

Comparison of percutaneous reduction by leverage combined with minimally invasive internal fixation and “L” incision internal fixation in the treatment of calcaneal fracture  

Zheng Zhihui, Cai Peibiao, Guan Keli, Li Xiaowu, Zheng Xun, Chen Haibo, Zeng Qingqiang   

  1. Second Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shantou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-30 Revised:2019-08-02 Accepted:2019-09-02 Online:2020-05-28 Published:2020-03-22
  • Contact: Zeng Qingqiang, Master, Chief physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shantou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Zheng Zhihui, Master, Associate chief physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shantou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China Cai Peibiao, Master, Attending physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shantou Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China Zheng Zhihui and Cai Peibiao contributed equally to this study.

摘要:

文题释义:

Böhler角(跟骨结节关节角):由跟骨结节与跟骨后关节突的连线与跟骨前-后关节突连接形成的夹角,正常值为25°-40°。Böhler角的恢复是判断跟骨骨折预后功能良好与否的主要因素。测量方法:在跟骨侧位X射线平片上,做跟骨结节上缘至跟距关节后关节面上缘的连线,再做跟骰关节上缘与跟距关节后关节面的切线,两线相交的锐角为跟骨结节关节角。

Gissane角(跟骨交叉角):是指跟距关节前后关节面之间的夹角,正常值为120°-145°。Gissane 角是判断跟骨骨折损伤程度和评估跟骨骨折治疗疗效的指标之一,测量方法:在跟骨侧位X射线平片上,以跟骨沟分别连接跟骨前突和跟骨后突关节面上缘连线的交角。

背景:涉及距下关节的跟骨关节内骨折约占全部跟骨骨折的75%,而对于移位型跟骨关节内骨折,手术治疗要优于非手术治疗。然而对于治疗时机、手术指征、切口选择、是否植骨等问题目前仍有争议。经典的“L”型入路因其较高的切口并发症而有逐渐被微创内固定所取代的趋势。

目的:比较撬拨复位微创置板及“L”型切口切开复位钢板内固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效。

方法:选择汕头市中医院骨二科2016年1月至2019年1月收治的Sanders Ⅱ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折患者60例,随机分为撬拨复位微创置板组(n=32)和“L”型切口组(n=28),分别采用闭合撬拨复位微创置板和经“L”型切口切开复位钢板内固定治疗。术后6个月末次随访按美国矫形外科足踝协会评分优良率评价2组手术疗效,对比2组患者术前等待天数、手术时间、住院天数及并发症发生率,术前、术后及末次随访时分别测定患者Böhler角、Gissane角并加以比较。

结果与结论:①撬拨复位微创置板组美国矫形外科足踝协会评分优良率为91%,“L”型切口组为93%,2组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②2组术后Böhler角、Gissane角均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05);术后1 d 2组Gissane角相当(P > 0.05),Böhler角变化“L”型切口组优于撬拨复位微创置板组(P < 0.05);末次随访2组Böhler角及Gissane角均有不同程度丢失,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③“L”型切口组患者的术前等待天数、住院天数均多于撬拨复位微创置板组(P < 0.05);手术时间少于撬拨复位微创置板组(P < 0.05);④撬拨复位微创置板组并发症发生率为9%,低于“L”型切口组的32%(P < 0.05);⑤提示与传统“L”型切口切开复位内固定相比,撬拨复位微创置板治疗Sanders Ⅱ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折临床疗效满意,创伤小,并发症少,值得临床推荐。

ORCID: 0000-0003-2110-0089(郑志辉)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 跟骨骨折, SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型, 撬拨复位, 微创置板内固定, “L”型切口

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Intra-calcaneal fractures involving subtalar joints account for about 75% of all calcaneal fractures. Surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures is superior to non-surgical treatment. However, the timing of treatment, surgical indications, incision selection, and bone grafting are still controversial. The classical “L” approach is gradually replaced by minimally invasive internal fixation because of its high incision complications.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of minimally invasive internal fixation and “L” incision for the treatment of Sanders II and III calcaneal fractures. 

METHODS: Sixty patients with Sanders II or III calcaneal fractures from January 2016 to January 2019 in the Second Department of Orthopedics, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into minimal invasion group (n=32) and “L” incision group (n=28). The patients in the minimal invasion group and “L” incision group received percutaneous reduction by leverage combined with minimally invasive internal fixation and “L” incision internal fixation treatment, respectively. At 6 months after operation, the curative effect of the two groups was evaluated according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score. Preoperative waiting days, the operation time, the length of stay and the complication incidence were compared between the two groups. Böhler angle and Gissane angle were measured and compared preoperatively, postoperatively and during the final follow-up.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The excellent and good rate of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 91% in the minimal invasion group and 93% in the “L” incision group (P > 0.05). (2) The postoperative Böhler angle and Gissane angle were significantly improved in both groups (P < 0.05). At postoperative 1 day, Gissane angle of two groups was equivalent (P > 0.05). Böhler angle was better in the “L” incision group than in the minimal invasion group (P < 0.05). At the final follow-up, both groups had different degrees of decrease in Böhler angle and Gissane angle (P > 0.05). (3) The preoperative waiting days and the length of stay were longer in the “L” incision group than those in the minimal invasion group (P < 0.05). The operation time was shorter in the “L” incision group than in the minimal invasion group (P < 0.05). (4) The incidence of complications was lower in the minimal invasion group (9%) than in the “L” incision group (32%) (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the traditional “L” incision open reduction and internal fixation, the treatment of Sanders II and III calcaneal fractures with percutaneous reduction by leverage combined with minimally invasive internal fixation are satisfactory, with less trauma and complications. It is worth being recommended in clinic.

Key words:

calcaneal fracture, Sanders II, III,  , percutaneous reduction by leverage, minimally invasive internal fixation, “L” incision

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