中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 178-182.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0003

• 组织工程骨及软骨材料 tissue-engineered bone and cartilage materials • 上一篇    下一篇

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥注射治疗跟骨Sanders Ⅲ型骨折的生物力学测试

管志海,王勤业,常小波,宁  波,罗亚平
  

  1. 上海市嘉定区南翔医院,上海市  201802
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-06 出版日期:2018-01-18 发布日期:2018-01-18
  • 作者简介:管志海,男,1977年生,汉族,上海市人,主治医师,主要从事骨与关节的损伤研究。
  • 基金资助:
    嘉定区卫计委课题资助(2015-KY-06)

Treatment of Sanders type III fracture of the calcaneus with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement: a biomechanical study 

Guan Zhi-hai, Wang Qin-ye, Chang Xiao-bo, Ning Bo, Luo Ya-ping
  

  1. Nanxiang Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201802, China
  • Received:2017-08-06 Online:2018-01-18 Published:2018-01-18
  • About author:Guan Zhi-hai, Attending physician, Nanxiang Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai 201802, China
  • Supported by:
    a grant from the Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiading District, No. 2015-KY-06

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥:是一种用于填充骨与植入物间隙或骨腔并具有自凝特性的生物材料,自从1958年Charney首次应用骨水泥固定股骨假体成功施行全髋关节置换以来,骨水泥已广泛应用于骨科临床,骨水泥固定可保证术后假体的即时稳定,在骨组织-骨水泥-假体界面上无任何微动,允许术后早期负重,疗效肯定。
跟骨骨折Sanders分型:Sanders根据CT 30°半冠状位扫描,最大程度显示距下关节后关节面,将跟骨平均分为3柱,跟骨后关节面由平行于跟骨纵轴的A、B两线分为3 个等大的区域,产生3种潜在的骨折块,外侧、中央、内侧;Ⅰ型,所有无移位的关节内骨折;Ⅱ型,后关节面2片段骨折,根据骨折线的位置分为A、B、C3个亚型;Ⅲ型,后关节面3片段骨折,按照2个骨折线的位置分为AB、AC或BC3个亚型;Ⅳ型,后关节面4片段骨折,为严重的粉碎性关节内骨折,常不止4个骨块。
 
背景:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥已被广泛应用于骨科临床,可保证术后假体的即刻稳定性,且界面无微动,允许术后早期负重,疗效肯定。
目的:采用生物力学实验验证聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥注射治疗跟骨Sanders Ⅲ型骨折的疗效。
方法:采集8具成人新鲜尸体踝跟骨标本,检测其生物力学性能,作为正常对照组;实验组(n=4)、对照组(n=4)制作根骨Sanders Ⅲ型骨折模型,实验组在骨缺损区植入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥,对照组骨缺损区植入人工骨,对照组以钢板固定外侧壁,检测两组标本的生物力学性能。
结果与结论:①跟骨的应变和应力强度:正常对照组的应力分布与实验组应力分布规律相一致,两组应力比较差异无显著性意义;实验组与对照组的应力相近,组间比较差异无显著性意义;②跟骨的移位与轴向刚度:与正常对照组相比,实验组的跟骨移位略有降低,但差异无显著性意义;与正常对照组相比,对照组的跟骨移位略有提高,但差异无显著性意义;实验组跟骨的轴向压缩应力强度达到(21.98±1.88) MPa,轴向刚度达到(1 633±150) N/mm,与正常对照组相比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③跟距关节接触力学特性:实验组跟骨聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥注射后,Sanders Ⅲ型骨折基本上得到恢复,可见治疗效果不错;④结果表明:应用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥治疗跟骨Sanders Ⅲ型,具有科学有效性和临床实用性。

关键词: 生物材料, 骨科材料, 跟骨骨折, 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯, 骨水泥, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), commonly known as bone cement, has been widely used in the orthopedic surgery. It ensures the immediate stability of prosthesis and the minimal micromotion at the cement-bone interface, allowing early weight-bearing after surgery.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical performance of Sanders type III fracture of the calcaneus by using PMMA bone cement as a treatment.
METHODS: Eight adult cadaveric ankle and calcaneus specimens were selected and served as normal controls after detection of biomechanical properties. Another eight specimens were collected and randomized into experimental group and control group to make a model of Sanders type III fracture in the calcaneus. In the experimental group, PMMA bone cement was injected into the defect area. In the control group, the artificial bone was implanted in the defect area and a steel plate was used to fix the lateral calcaneus. Biomechanical properties of the specimens in the experimental and control group were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Strain and stress of the calcaneus: The stress distribution of the calcaneus in the normal control group was consistent with that in the experimental group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The stress of the calcaneus in the experimental group was similar to that in the control group with no significant difference. (2) Displacement and axial stiffness of the calcaneus: Compared with the normal control group, the calcaneal displacement in the experimental group only decreased slightly, and there was no significant difference between the two groups, and likewise, the calcaneal displacement in the control group increased slightly. In the experimental group, the axial compression strength was (21.98±1.88) MPa and the axial compression stiffness was (1 633±150) N/mm. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the normal control group (P > 0.05). (3) Contact strength of the subtalar joint: Fractures basically recovered with good outcomes after PMMA bone cement injection. To conclude, by using PMMA bone cement in the treatment of calcaneus fractures, the scientific validity and clinical utility can be ensured.

Key words: Methylmethacrylates, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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