中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 780-786.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2205

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印与组织工程技术在气管替代治疗中的应用与热点

梁娅男1,张建华2   

  1. 1南方医科大学,广东省广州市  510220;2南方医科大学深圳医院胸外科,广东省深圳市  518000
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-21 修回日期:2019-06-11 接受日期:2019-07-10 出版日期:2020-02-18 发布日期:2020-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 张建华,主任医师,南方医科大学深圳医院胸外科,广东省深圳市 518000
  • 作者简介:梁娅男,女,1994年生,重庆市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事胸部及纵膈疾病外科治疗的相关工作。
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市宝安区卫生和计划生育局科研项目(2017JD100)

3D printing technology and tissue engineering technology in tracheal replacement: application and hotspot research

Liang Yanan1, Zhang Jianhua2   

  1. 1Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2019-05-21 Revised:2019-06-11 Accepted:2019-07-10 Online:2020-02-18 Published:2020-01-10
  • Contact: Zhang Jianhua, Chief physician, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Liang Yanan, Master, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Project of Baoan District Bureau of Health and Family Planning of Shenzhen City, No. 2017JD100

摘要:

文题释义:
组织工程气管:是通过选择合适的材料制作生物降解支架,再均匀地植入种子细胞进而分化为成熟上皮细胞及软骨细胞等,重新填充可降解支架,并最终取代支架,理论上可以模拟与天然气管相似的生物结构和功能,是目前气管替代物的研究热点。
再上皮化:在正常气管管腔表面有一层假复层纤毛柱状上皮,在清除分泌物和预防感染中起重要作用,移植气管通过植入种子细胞进而定向分化为上皮细胞有助于移植气管模拟正常气管的功能,缺乏纤毛柱状上皮可导致肉芽组织向内生长和痰液潴留、引起感染,因此,移植物的再上皮化被认为是对抗感染的一个关键因素。

背景:由于缺乏满意的气管替代物,功能性气管重建仍然是一个外科挑战。

目的:综述组织工程气管支架的研究热点、临床应用及主要存在的问题。

方法:以“3D Printing,tissue-engineered trachea,trachea  reconstruction,tracheal replacement;3D打印气管,组织工程气管,气管重建,气管替代”为关键词,检索PubMed、Medline、万方数据库2004至2019年发表的相关文献,共纳入47篇文献进行分析总结。

结果与结论:目前气管重建的方式主要有人工气管移植、同种异体移植、自体组织移植和组织工程气管移植。人工气管移植通常引起气管破裂、感染和狭窄而导致移植失败;同种异体移植需要长期的免疫抑制治疗,移植后由于血管再生不足引起的坏死和感染往往导致死亡;自体组织复制气管结构和功能的能力有限且存在手术创伤;组织工程气管通过选择合适的支架材料,在支架中均匀地植入种子细胞,可以模拟与天然气管相似的生物结构和功能,似乎是气管替代物的理想选择。将3D打印技术与组织工程技术相结合,利用生物降解材料打印完整的气管支架,再植入间充质干细胞培育的组织工程气管,为解决长段气管缺损问题提供了新思路。

ORCID: 0000-0002-0682-2019(梁娅男)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程


关键词: 3D打印, 组织工程气管, 气管重建, 气管移植, 气管替代, 种子细胞, 生物反应器, 聚己内酯

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Functional tracheal reconstruction remains a surgical challenge due to the lack of satisfactory tracheal substitutes.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research hotspot, clinical application, and main obstacles of tissue-engineered trachea.

METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, Medline, and WanFang databases was performed to retrieve relevant articles published from 2004 to 2019 with the search terms “3D printing, tissue-engineered trachea, trachea reconstruction, tracheal replacement” in English and Chinese. A total of 47 literatures were included in the final analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the methods of tracheal reconstruction mainly include artificial tracheal transplantation, allotransplantation, autologous tissue transplantation and tissue-engineered tracheal transplantation. Artificial trachea transplants often fail due to rupture, infection and narrowing of the trachea. Allotransplantation requires long-term immunosuppressive therapy, and death is often caused by necrosis and infection because of insufficient angiogenesis after transplantation. Autogenous tissue has limited ability to replicate the structure and function of the trachea and also has surgical trauma. Tissue-engineered trachea can simulate the biological structure and function similar to natural trachea by selecting suitable scaffold materials and implanting seed cells evenly in the scaffold. It seems to be an ideal tracheal substitute. An intact tracheal scaffold was prepared with biodegradable material using 3D printing technology combined with tissue engineering technology and then implanted into the tissue-engineered trachea cultured with mesenchymal stem cells. This provides a new approach to long-segment tracheal defect reconstruction. 

Key words: 3D printing, tissue-engineered trachea, trachea reconstruction, trachea transplantation, tracheal substitute, seed cells, bioreactor, polycaprolactone

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