中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (24): 3900-3905.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.022

• 组织构建与生物力学 tissue construction and biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

肥胖儿童背包行走时的步态特征

闫松华1,2,王 露3,梁秀桥4,张 宽1,2   

  1. 1首都医科大学生物医学工程学院,北京市 100069;2首都医科大学临床生物力学应用基础研究北京市重点实验室,北京市 100069;3首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院,北京市 100045;4北京市丰台区玉林小学,北京市 100069
  • 修回日期:2017-03-13 出版日期:2017-08-28 发布日期:2017-08-30
  • 作者简介:闫松华,女,1974年生,山西省襄汾县人,汉族,2004年北京体育大学毕业,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事运动生物力学与康复工程学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    北京市自然科学基金(7152018);北京市属高等学校青年拔尖人才培育计划(CIT&TCD201404177);北京市科学委员会重大项目(Z151100003715001)

Gait characteristics of obese children wearing school bags during walking

Yan Song-hua1, 2, Wang Lu3, Liang Xiu-qiao4, Zhang Kuan1, 2   

  1. 1School of Biomedical Engineering, 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; 3Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; 4Yulin Primary School of Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
  • Revised:2017-03-13 Online:2017-08-28 Published:2017-08-30
  • About author:Yan Song-hua, M.D., Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • Supported by:

    the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No. 7152018; the Program of Cultivating Young Talents in Universities of Beijing, No. CIT&TCD201404177; the Major Project of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z151100003715001

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
背包行走:
小学生书包过重已是一种普遍现象,背负书包质量过大对其生长发育及健康都会有不好的影响,已经受到越来越多的家长和教育学者的关注。已有研究结果表明, 中小学生背负质量过大, 对学生的正常发育会产生不利的影响;过重的书包会对儿童下肢及足部的生长发育造成不利的影响。该研究旨在探讨背包对肥胖儿童步态特征的影响
步态特征:步态研究通常包括人体运动(走或跑)时的运动学特征、动力学特征、肌电特征、能量特征等。课题中主要分析肥胖儿童背包行走时的足底压力分布特征,这里足底压力分布特征通过4个步态参数来表达,包括足底10区域足底压强峰值(压强峰值大,容易导致该区域的损伤)、3个时间分期(足跟着地分期、全足支撑期、足尖离地期/足蹬伸期)占足地接触时期的百分比(表示行走时稳定性的大小)、足弓指数(可以反映足弓类型)、足轴角(反映行走的姿态,与行走的稳定性有关)。

 

摘要
背景:
背包行走是儿童常见的活动。过重的书包会对儿童下肢及足部造成不利的影响,从而影响儿童的发育。
目的:探讨肥胖对儿童背包行走时步态特征的影响。
方法:应用体质量指数法并参考中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数标准,对儿童进行选择。纳入40名小学生作为观察对象,其中20名肥胖儿童,体质量指数(28.13±3.4) kg/m2;20名非肥胖儿童,体质量指数(17.44±1.57) kg/m2。应用比利时RSscan International 公司的2 m footscan足底压力平板测试系统对儿童在背包行走时的步态进行测试。
结果与结论:①与非肥胖儿童相比,肥胖儿童在背包行走过程中,左、右足Ⅰ-Ⅴ跖骨、足中部、足跟内侧压强峰值显著增大(P < 0.05);全足支撑期占整个足支撑阶段的百分比显著延长(P < 0.05);足弓指数值(足中部与地面接触面积的百分比)和右足足轴角均显著增大(P < 0.05);②结果提示,肥胖对儿童背包行走时的足底压力分布有明显的影响。与非肥胖儿童相比,肥胖儿童足跖骨、足中部、足跟内侧区域受力显著增大,身体的稳定性变差,行走时足更扁平,肥胖儿童足八字脚更严重。这些因素使得肥胖易造成儿童负重时的足底损伤。

 

关键词: 组织构建, 组织工程, 肥胖儿童, 背包行走, 步态特征, 足底压力分布, 踝骨, 足中部, 足跟内侧, 压强, 足弓指数, 北京市自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Children usually wear school bags when walking, and overweight school bags do harm to the lower extremity and foot, thus affecting the child development.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of obesity on gait characteristics of children wearing school bags during walking.
METHODS: Forty pupils were enrolled in accordance with body mass index and “China school-age children and adolescents overweight, obesity screening body mass index classification standard”, including 20 obese children (body mass index: (28.13±3.4) kg/m2) and 20 non-obese ones (body mass index: (17.44±1.57) kg/m2). The gait parameters of children wearing school bags during walking were measured using a 2-m Footscan Plantar Pressure Plate System from RSscan International.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the non-obese children, the peak pressures under the metatarsal heads II-V, midfoot and heel lateral were significantly higher in obese children wearing school bags during walking (P < 0.05). The time to peak pressures under the toes II-V, the metatarsal heads IV, V and midfoot was also significantly higher (P < 0.05). In addition, the arch index for the foot, and right foot axis angle were significantly larger in the obese children as compared with the non-obese children (P < 0.05). To conclude, obese children wearing school bags during walking have weaker walking stability with flatter foot pattern, the larger foot axis angle and dynamic plantar pressure distribution changes compared with non-obese children, which can result in foot damage.

 

Key words: Obesity, Child, Gait, Tissue Engineering

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