中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (11): 1658-1663.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.11.004

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换术中固定角度外翻截骨会影响置换后下肢力线吗?

马路遥1,郭万首1,2,马金辉1,岳德波2   

  1. 1北京大学中日友好临床医学院,北京市 100029;2中日友好医院骨关节外科,北京市 100029
  • 修回日期:2017-01-09 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 郭万首,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,中日友好医院骨关节外科,北京市,100029
  • 作者简介:马路遥,男,1990年生,汉族,北京大学中日友好临床医学院在读博士,主要从事骨关节外科方面的研究。

Does a fixed distal femur resection angle influence radiographic alignment in total knee arthroplasty?  

Ma Lu-yao1, Guo Wan-shou1, 2, Ma Jin-hui1, Yue De-bo2   

  1. 1China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China; 2Department of Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • Revised:2017-01-09 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-05-06
  • Contact: Guo Wan-shou, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Joint Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • About author:Ma Lu-yao, Studying for doctorate, China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
髋膝踝角:即髋关节中心与膝关节中心连线和膝关节中心与踝关节中心连线的夹角,即股骨机械轴与胫骨机械轴之间的夹角,反应了下肢冠状面力线的情况,当下肢力线为中立位时,髋膝踝角为180°,小于180°提示膝关节内翻,大于180°提示膝关节外翻。
股骨外翻角:股骨的机械轴与解剖轴之间的夹角即为股骨外翻角,全膝关节置换术中为了使股骨假体与股骨机械轴垂直,通常选择参考髓内定位截骨,其通过选择与髓内定位杆一定的外翻角度进行股骨远端截骨,使截骨面垂直于股骨的机械轴,从而使股骨假体在冠状面上对线良好。
 
摘要
背景:对于全膝关节置换来说,股骨远端截骨的髓内定位往往选用固定外翻角度截骨,由于股骨解剖存在个体差异,那么固定外翻角度截骨会对术后下肢力线产生影响吗?
目的:分析国人股骨外翻角的情况,探讨其对全膝关节置换后股骨假体角度及下肢力线的影响。
方法:纳入2组医生行初次全膝关节置换的病例109例148膝,A组56例76膝选择固定5°外翻截骨,B组53例72膝根据术前膝关节畸形情况选择截骨角度(严重内翻6°,轻度内翻及中立位5°,轻度外翻4°,严重外翻3°)。术前测量患者髋膝踝角、股骨外翻角;术后测量髋膝踝角、股骨假体角度及胫骨假体角度。术后177°<髋膝踝角<183°认为是力线良好,股骨及胫骨假体角度在88°-92°为良好。
结果与结论:①A组术后髋膝踝角为(178.78±3.57)°,优良率为62%;B组术后髋膝踝角为(178.23±2.78)°,优良率为65%,2组差异无显著性意义(P=0.302);②所有患者术前股骨外翻角平均(6.70±1.34)°,根据7°分组,股骨外翻角<7°组术后髋膝踝角良好率为69%,≥7°组术后髋膝踝角良好率为55%,差异无显著性意义(P=0.108);股骨外翻角<7°组股骨假体对线良好率为76%,≥7°组仅为39%,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01);③术前股骨外翻角与术后髋膝踝角存在中度负相关(r=-0.42,P < 0.01),术前股骨外翻角与术后股骨假体角度也存在中度负相关(r=-0.58,P < 0.01);④结果表明,术前股骨外翻角对术后股骨假体角度及髋膝踝角会有一定影响,常规所选外翻截骨角度小于股骨外翻角时,易引起股骨假体内翻,从而影响下肢力线。因此对于股骨外翻角较大的患者,建议根据术前测量结果适当增加外翻截骨角度。
 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-1598-276X(马路遥)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 全膝关节置换, 髓内定位, 股骨远端截骨, 股骨外翻角, 机械轴线

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The distal femur resection in total knee arthroplasty is commonly made using a fixed angle relative to an intramedullary rod. Does a fixed distal femur resection angle influence radiographic alignment in primary total knee arthroplasty?

OBJECTIVE: To research the femoral mechanical-anatomical angle in Chinese and how it affects the femoral component angle and postoperative mechanical alignment for total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Totally 109 cases (148 knees) underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. One surgeon used a fixed resection angle of 5° (group A; n=56 cases, 76 knees). The second surgeon adjusted the resection angle according to preoperative coronal alignment, using 5° for neutral/mild varus, 6° for more severe varus, 4° for mild valgus and 3° for severe valgus knees (group B; n=53 cases, 72 knees). Preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral mechanical-anatomical angle, postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral component angle and tibial component angle were measured from standing hip-knee-ankle angle radiographs. For postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle, 177°-183° were considered as neutral mechanical axis. For femoral and tibial component angles, the target results were 88°-92°.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no statistically significant difference between groups in postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle (group A: (178.78±3.57)°, group B: (178.23±2.78)°; P=0.302) and good rate of hip-knee-ankle angle (group A: 62%, group B: 65%). (2) The mean femoral mechanical-anatomical angle was (6.70±1.34)° preoperatively. There was no significant difference in the good rate of hip-knee-ankle angle (hip-knee-ankle angle < 7°: 69%; hip-knee-ankle angle ≥7°: 55%; P=0.108) postoperatively. There was a statistically significant difference about good rate of femoral component angle between different femoral mechanical-anatomical angle angles (femoral mechanical-anatomical angle < 7°: 76%; femoral mechanical-anatomical angle ≥7°: 39%; P < 0.01). (3) There was a statistically significant correlation between preoperative femoral mechanical-anatomical angle and postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle (r=−0.42, P < 0.01) and postoperative femoral component angle (r=−0.58, P < 0.01). (4) The mean femoral mechanical-anatomical angle was larger than foreign values. When the resection angle less than femoral mechanical-anatomical angle, the femoral component may tend to be varus which could affect the lower extremity mechanical alignment. For the larger femoral mechanical-anatomical angle, we advise to adjust the resection angle according to measured value preoperatively.
 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Osteotomy, Tissue Engineering

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