中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (26): 3897-3902.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.26.015

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

三枚与四枚螺钉置入治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

张 浩,史雪峰,杨春宝,吕继宏,项 毅,孙振军,官敬涛,唐 勇,续力民   

  1. 解放军第264医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 修回日期:2016-04-05 出版日期:2016-06-24 发布日期:2016-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 续力民,主任医师,解放军第264医院骨科,山西省太原市 030011
  • 作者简介:张浩,男,1986年生,山西省晋城市人,汉族,2014年解放军医学院毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科、四肢骨折的研究。

Finite element analysis of the three and four cannulated screws for Pauwels III femoral neck fractures

Zhang Hao, Shi Xue-feng, Yang Chun-bao, Lv Ji-hong, Xiang Yi, Sun Zhen-jun, Guan Jing-tao, Tang Yong, Xu Li-min   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, PLA 264 Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Revised:2016-04-05 Online:2016-06-24 Published:2016-06-24
  • Contact: Xu Li-min, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, PLA 264 Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Hao, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, PLA 264 Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
股骨颈骨折内固定治疗:目前内固定方式治疗股骨颈骨折主要利用3枚空心拉力螺钉、动力髋螺钉或锁定钢板进行固定,其中3枚空心拉力螺钉固定方式因采用闭合复位经皮置钉,减少了软组织损伤,保护了骨折断端生物学环境而被广泛运用,其中呈倒三角形方式放置3枚空心拉力螺钉固定强度最佳。但对于Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,采用3枚空心拉力螺钉进行置入治疗,其骨不连、股骨头坏死等并发症发生率较高,有学者认为Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折剪切力较大,3枚空心拉力螺钉固定强度不足,因此提出针对Pauwels Ⅲ型的股骨颈骨折患者,在应用3枚空心拉力螺钉的的基础上,增加1枚水平空心拉力螺钉,实现抗剪切力作用来以增强固定效果。
Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折:Pauwels角分类是股骨颈骨折中一种经典的分类方式,按照骨折线与水平线的夹角将股骨颈骨折分为3类,即< 30°为PauwelsⅠ型,30°-70°之间为PawelsⅡ型,> 70°为Pauwels Ⅲ型。随着Pauwels角度的增大,股骨颈骨折断端所承受的剪切力也呈现出显著增加的趋势,所要求的骨折固定强度也越高,同时出现内固定失败的风险也越大。
 
摘要
背景:股骨颈骨折的内固定方式主要采用3枚空心螺钉倒三角固定,有学者提出Pauwels Ⅲ型的股骨颈骨折在应用3枚空心拉力螺钉固定的基础上增加1枚抗螺钉,以增强固定效果,但稳定性未得到验证。
目的:研究3枚与4枚螺钉置入治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折中的生物力学稳定性及螺钉应力分布。
方法:将第4代人工骨sawbones的CT数据导入Mimics软件中,进行三维重建,将模型导入3-matic软件中,创建股骨颈中段Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折模型,应用UG 8.0软件制作空心螺钉模型,导入到骨折模型中,创建3枚螺钉与4枚螺钉置入治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的有限元模型。在相同条件下,应用abaqus软件中对两模型股骨头顶端施加轴向载荷411 N,比较两模型骨折断端两标志点的位移变化及内固定系统Von Mises应力分布情况。

结果与结论:①3枚钉模型两点间位移为0.42 mm,4枚钉模型两点间位移为0.17 mm,4枚螺钉模型骨折断端移位小于3枚螺钉模型;②两模型Von Mises应力峰值分别为547 MPa、27.8 MPa,4枚螺钉模型的Von Mises峰值小于3枚螺钉模型,两模型的应力集中部位为均为骨折断端处,但4枚螺钉模型的应力范围更广、应力更加分散;③从有限元分析的结果来看,4枚螺钉置入治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折具有更强的抗剪切力效果,具有更强的生物力学稳定性,其临床优势尚需进一步的临床对比研究证实。
 


ORCID: 0000-0001-6373-1992(张浩)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 数字化骨科, 螺钉置入, 股骨颈骨折, 骨折固定术, 内, 有限元分析

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Femoral neck fracture is mainly fixed by three inverted triangle cannulated screws. Scholars have proposed to add a cannulated screw to enhance the fixation strength of femoral neck fracture of Pauwels III type based on three cannulated screw fixation, but the stability is not verified.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical stability and stress of the three and four cannulated screws for the treatment of the Pauwels III femoral neck fractures.
METHODS: The CT imaging results of the fourth generation of artificial bone sawbones were imported into the Mimics software wherein a three-dimensional finite element model of the proximal femur was prepared and introduced in the 3-matic software. Models of middle segment of femoral neck with Pauwels III fractures were established. Cannulated screw models were established with UG 8.0 software and introduced in the fractures models. Finally, finite element models of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures fixed with three and four screws were established. In the same condition, an axial load of 411 N was applied on the femoral head with Abaqus software. The displacement of two markers of the broken ends and internal fixation system Von Mises stress distribution were compared between the two models.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The displacement was 0.42 mm in three screws model, and 0.17 mm in the four screws model. (2) Von Mises stress peak was 547 MPa and 27.8 MPa in both models. The peak value was lower in models of four screws than that of three screws. Stress concentration position was at the fracture site in both models. The stress range of models of four screws was more extensive and scattered. (3) Finite element analysis results demonstrated that four-screw implantation for Pauwels III femoral neck fractures had strong anti-shearing force and biomechanical stability. Clinical advantages need further clinical comparative study. 

 

Key words: Femoral Neck Fractures, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Finite Element Analysis, Tissue Engineering

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