中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (26): 3805-3810.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.26.001

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis •    下一篇

股骨头双极假体置换及内固定修复老年股骨颈骨折的生物力学特征

姜源涛,焦建宝,薛金伟,王云飞   

  1. 河北大学附属医院骨外科,河北省保定市 071000
  • 修回日期:2016-05-21 出版日期:2016-06-24 发布日期:2016-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 王云飞,硕士,主治医师,河北大学附属医院骨外科,河北省保定市 071000
  • 作者简介:姜源涛,男,1972年生,河北省围场县人,1999年河北医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事老年骨折方面的研究。

Biomechanical characteristics of bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement and internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in the elderly

Jiang Yuan-tao, Jiao Jian-bao, Xue Jin-wei, Wang Yun-fei   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
  • Revised:2016-05-21 Online:2016-06-24 Published:2016-06-24
  • Contact: Wang Yun-fei, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Jiang Yuan-tao, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
文题释义:
股骨头双极假体:传统的人工股骨头置入人体后,由于金属的人工假体在髋臼内不断地运动,会逐渐出现髋臼软骨面的磨损、变性,进而损及软骨下骨质。这时,就可能发生不同程度的关节功能障碍,如关节运动时不滑顺、感到不适或疼痛等。为了减少这些情况的发生,设计了双极人工股骨头用于临床。目前国内生产、使用的双极人工股骨头是由3部分组成的:带颈的金属柄、高分子量聚乙烯的股骨头杯和金属杯。
老年股骨颈骨折:有以下3个特点:一是患者多为老年人,较易发生肺炎、压疮、尿路感染等并发症,死亡率较高;二是由于解剖学上的特点,骨折部位常承受剪力,影响骨折复位及骨折复位后的稳定性,以及影响内固定的效果和愈合;三是由于股骨头供血的特殊性,骨折时易使主要供血来源阻断,不但影响骨折的愈合,且有可能发生股骨头缺血坏死及塌陷的不良后果。
 
摘要
背景:双极人工股骨头假体在股骨颈骨折患者中虽然能够取得理想的修复效果,但是临床上对于双极人工股骨头假体的生物力学性能尚存在较大的争议。
目的:比较股骨头双极假体置换及内固定修复老年股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能。
方法:选取23具(46侧)老年股骨颈骨折股骨标本进行分析,随机将标本分为内固定组和股骨头双极假体置换组,每组23侧。内固定组标本行常规金属植入物内固定,股骨头双极假体置换组行股骨头双极假体置换。在万能试验机上测定股骨假体柄的力学性能,比较股骨头双极假体置换及内固定的生物力学性能。

结果与结论:①股骨头双极假体置换组的最大承载负荷显著高于内固定组(P < 0.05);最大承载负荷趋势图显示,股骨头双极假体置换组最大承载负荷显著高于内固定组(P < 0.05);②股骨头双极假体置换组轴向拔出试验位移显著短于内固定组(P < 0.05);轴向拔出试验位移趋势图显示,股骨头双极假体置换组轴向拔出试验位移显著短于内固定组(P < 0.05);③结果提示,与内固定植入物相比,股骨头双极假体置换修复老年股骨颈骨折更加稳定,修复效果更佳,能够提高患者髋关节功能,获得良好的初始稳定性。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

ORCID: 0000-0002-5962-6476(王云飞)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 股骨头双极假体置换, 内固定, 老年股骨颈骨折, 生物力学, 轴向拔出试验位移, 髋关节功能

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Bipolar femoral head prosthesis has achieved the desired repair effect in patients with femoral neck fracture, but there is still much controversy on the biomechanical properties of bipolar artificial femoral head prosthesis. 

OBJECTIVE: To compare biomechanical properties of the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement and internal fixation in the repair of femoral neck fracture in the elderly.
METHODS: Twenty-three (46 sides) senile femoral neck fracture specimens were analyzed and randomized into internal fixation group (n=23) and bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group (n=23). Specimens in the internal fixation group underwent conventional metal implant fixation. Specimens in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group underwent bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement. Mechanical properties of femoral prosthesis stem were tested on universal testing machine. Biomechanical properties after bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement and internal fixation were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum load was significantly higher in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P < 0.05). The maximum load trend images showed that the maximum load was significantly higher in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P < 0.05). (2) The displacement in axial pull test was significantly shorter in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P < 0.05). The displacement trend images exhibited that the displacement in axial pull test was significantly shorter in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P < 0.05). (3) These findings suggest that compared with the implant, bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement in the repair of femoral neck fracture in the elderly is more stable, has better repair effects, can elevate hip function and obtain good initial stability. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Femoral Fractures, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Internal Fixators, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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