中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 571-576.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.04.021

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折:远期效果及生物力学分析

曾红生1,陈子华1,陈建威1,方 磊1,游 军1,周 云2   

  1. 1河源市人民医院,广东省河源市 517000;2广州医科大学附属第二医院,广东省广州市 510260
  • 出版日期:2016-01-22 发布日期:2016-01-22
  • 作者简介:曾红生,男,1983年生,广东省龙川县人,汉族,2008年广东医学院毕业,主治医师,主要从事骨科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河源市科技项目(2012-023)“改良经伤椎置钉椎弓根钉系统治疗胸腰椎骨折”

Pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra for thoracolumbar fractures: a long-term effect and biomechanical analysis

Zeng Hong-sheng1, Chen Zi-hua1, Chen Jian-wei1, Fang Lei1, You Jun1, Zhou Yun2   

  1. 1Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan 517000, Guangdong Province, China; 2Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2016-01-22 Published:2016-01-22
  • About author:Zeng Hong-sheng, Attending physician, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan 517000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Science and Technology Project of Heyuan City, No. 2012-023

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

胸腰椎骨折:是临床常见的脊柱损伤类型,多伴有上部损伤椎体及相邻椎体向侧方脱位,会造成椎管内脊髓受压等,导致一系列不良后果的出现。临床治疗过程中可采用保守方式进行治疗,但保守治疗大多无法获得满意的效果,因此临床大多采用手术方式进行治疗。
经伤椎置钉:椎弓根螺钉内固定修复过程中,以往多采用间接复位法(跨伤椎置钉技术)进行固定,但椎体高度恢复及后凸畸形矫正满意率较低,术后伤椎体高度丢失致恢复不太理想;而伤椎置钉技术的优势在于直接的推顶作用并压缩后柱的方法,不但可以达到直接复位的效果,还可以实现缩短后柱以及延长前柱,更符合生物力学的实际需求,因此更加利于复位椎体高度的维持,在修复后也可以达到更强的稳定性。

 

背景:椎弓根螺钉置入内固定是一种胸腰椎骨折常用的修复方式,其中经伤椎置钉是一种重要的方法,但关于其远期效果和生物力学特性还有待进一步分析。
目的:分析经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折的远期效果及其生物力学特性。
方法:回顾性分析126例胸腰椎骨折患者的临床资料,均实施经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复治疗,定期随访了解患者的远期修复效果。取新鲜小牛胸腰椎标本10具,5具标本设为实验组,制备前中柱损伤骨折模型,进行经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复;另外5具设为对照组,不进行任何处理。对两组标本螺钉沿椎体矢状轴方向上的轴向压缩位移、前屈位移、后伸位移、扭转角度以及拔出强度进行测量,并予以记录。
结果与结论:①临床试验结果:126例患者全部获得随访,随访时间10-36个月。较之治疗前,患者治疗后1个月和末次随访的伤椎压缩率、椎间隙高度、伤椎滑移距离、目测类比评分、Cobb’s角等指标均得到显著改善(P均< 0.05);治疗后1个月与末次随访比较,差异均无显著性意义(P均 > 0.05)。经末次随访,患者的Frankel脊髓损伤分级情况得到了显著改善(Z=-4.127,P < 0.05)。治疗后3例患者出现肺部感染,4例患者出现泌尿系统感染,1例患者出现切口延迟愈合。②生物力学实验结果:实验组在轴向压缩位移、前屈位移、后伸位移、扭转角度以及拔出强度方面的测量结果均小于对照组,但经比较差异均无显著性意义(P均> 0.05)。③由以上结果可知,经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折可以获得良好的远期效果,且具有良好的生物力学特性。

ORCID: 0000-0002-7617-2242(曾红生)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 胸腰椎骨折, 伤椎置钉, 椎弓根螺钉, 内固定, 远期效果, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw fixation is a common repair method for thoracolumbar fractures. Of them, pedicle screw placement into the injured vertebra is an important method. However, the long-term effects and the related biomechanical properties deserve further analysis.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effect and biomechanical characteristics of the internal fixation of thoracolumbar fractures by pedicle screw implantation. 
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 126 cases of thoracolumbar fractures. The patients were treated with pedicle screw implantation and the treatment was followed up regularly. Ten specimens of fresh calf chest and lumbar spines were obtained. Five specimens served as an experimental group to prepare models of anterior middle column fractures, and these specimens received pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra. The other five specimens served as the control group, and did not receive any treatment. In the two groups, along the sagittal axis, axial compression displacement, anterior flexion displacement, posterior extension displacement, torsion angle and pull-out strength were measured and recorded. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Clinical trial results: 126 patients were followed up for 10-36 months. Compared with pre-treatment, compression ratio of the injured vertebra, the height of intervertebral space, vertebral slip distance, visual analogue score and Cobb angle were significantly improved at 1 month after treatment and during final follow-up (all P < 0.05). No significant difference in above indexed was detected between 1 month and final follow-up (all P > 0.05). At the end of follow-up, Frankel spinal cord injury grade was significantly improved (Z=-4.127, P < 0.05). After operation, three patients suffered from pulmonary infection, four patients affected urinary tract infection, and one patient experienced delayed wound healing. (2) Biomechanical results: axial compression displacement, anterior flexion displacement, posterior extension displacement, torsion angle and pull-out strength were smaller in the experimental group than in the control group (all P > 0.05). (3) Above findings showed that pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra for thoracolumbar fractures obtained good long-term effects, and had good biomechanical properties.