中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 497-503.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.04.008

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

植骨融合内固定修复连续双节段颈椎间盘突出症:钛网与椎间融合器的比较

钱选昆1,林 乔1,胡 斌1,郑小龙1,王建民2   

  1. 1兰州大学第一临床医学院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730030;2兰州大学第一医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730030
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-27 出版日期:2016-01-22 发布日期:2016-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 王建民,教授,主任医师,兰州大学第一医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730030
  • 作者简介:钱选昆,男,1989年生,汉族,兰州大学第一临床医学院在读硕士,兰州大学第一临床医学院骨科,主要从事脊柱与创伤外科研究。

Bone graft fusion in the treatment of two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation: titanium mesh versus interbody fusion cage

Qian Xuan-kun1, Lin Qiao1, Hu Bin1, Zheng Xiao-long1, Wang Jian-min2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2015-11-27 Online:2016-01-22 Published:2016-01-22
  • Contact: Wang Jian-min, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Qian Xuan-kun, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

  

文题释义:
颈椎前路减压植骨融合:是Robinson和Smith在1955年提出用于治疗颈椎疾病(包括颈椎间盘突出症、颈椎骨折、颈椎滑脱等),后经不断改良与完善,现已广泛应用于临床,该修复方法简单,疗效满意。前路常用的减压方法有椎间盘切除及椎体次全切,常用的融合方法有单纯髂骨植骨融合、椎间融合器植骨融合和钛网植骨融合等。
椎间cage:自Bagby研发腰椎椎间cage作为脊柱融合的替代物以来,应用cage的脊柱融合已证实其临床有效性。椎间cage 克服了自体移植骨的缺陷。目前,临床应用的有金属与多聚碳纤维两类cage。前者为常见类型,多由钛合金制成,可设计成圆柱状、垂直环状、新月状等多种形状。尽管短期疗效显著,但远期存在应力遮挡、内置物下沉、移位、脱出,影像伪影(CT或MRI扫描)等弊端,常由于金属的弹性模量超出椎体骨质的弹性模量所致。

  

背景:研究证实前路不同减压融合方法修复连续双节段颈椎间盘突出症均可取得满意疗效,但哪种方案效果最佳目前尚无统一意见。
目的:比较颈椎前路3种减压植骨融合内固定方案修复连续双节段颈椎间盘突出症的有效性及安全性。
方法:回顾分析连续双节段颈椎间盘突出症并行前路减压融合内固定62例患者的临床资料,根据修复方案分为3组,单纯植骨组行前路椎间盘切除髂骨植骨内固定,钛网组行前路椎体次全切钛网植骨内固定,Cage组行前路椎间盘切除Cage植骨内固定。分别对3组患者治疗后植骨融合率及神经功能改善情况(日本骨科学会JOA评分)进行评估对比,并行颈椎正侧位片X射线检查以测量椎体前后缘高度及融合节段的Cobb角变化。

结果与结论:62例患者均获得随访,随访时间8-30个月。单纯植骨组手术时间较另两组长(P < 0.05),术中出血量较另两组大(P < 0.05)。治疗后JOA评分较治疗前明显改善(P < 0.05),不同随访时期组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。治疗后3个月植骨融合率单纯植骨组>钛网组及Cage组(P < 0.05),末次随访时均骨性愈合。治疗后融合节段椎体前后缘高度较治疗前明显增加(P < 0.05),前缘高度增加量3组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);后缘高度增加量Cage组大于单纯植骨组及钛网组(P < 0.05)。治疗后3个月椎体前缘高度丢失单纯植骨组>钛网组及Cage组,后缘高度丢失单纯植骨组>钛网组> Cage组(P < 0.05)。颈椎融合节段Cobb角增加值钛网组大于单纯植骨组及Cage组(P <0.05),治疗后3个月Cobb角变化量单纯植骨组>钛网组> Cage组(P < 0.05)。末次随访椎体前后缘高度、Cobb角与治疗后3个月的差值组间差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示3种植骨融合方法修复连续双节段颈椎间盘突出均可以明显缓解神经症状,改善颈椎功能。单纯植骨组手术时间长,术中出血量多,治疗后椎体后缘高度丢失明显,容易造成颈椎前凸。与单纯植骨组相比钛网组和Cage组能更好的维持颈椎高度与曲度,但Cage组优势更明显。 

ORCID: 0000-0002-9571-7922(王建民)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 颈椎间盘突出, 前路手术, 髂骨植骨, 钛网, Cage, 内固定

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that different types of anterior cervical surgery in the treatment of two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation can obtain satisfactory results, but which method is the best has not yet reached a consensus.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of three types of anterior cervical surgery for treating two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation. 
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 62 patients with two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation who underwent anterior decompression and fusion. These patients were assigned to three groups. Bone graft group received anterior cervical discectomy with autogenous iliac bone graft fusion. Titanium mesh group received anterior cervical corpectomy with titanium mesh fusion. Cage group received anterior cervical discectomy with cage fusion. Fusion rate of bone graft and improvement of neurological function (Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores) were evaluated and compared after treatment in the three groups. Cervical vertebra anteroposterior and lateral images were used to measure height of anterior and posterior margin of vertebral body and Cobb angle changes of fusion segment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 62 patients were followed up and the follow-up time was ranged from 8 to 30 months. Operation time was significantly longer in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was larger in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05). Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found at different time points (P > 0.05). The fusion rate of bone graft was higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups (P < 0.05) at 3 months after treatment, and bone union was found in the final follow-up. Height of anterior and posterior margin of vertebral body was significantly increased after treatment (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the increase of the height of anterior margin was detected among the three groups (P > 0.05). The increase in the height of posterior margin was higher in the Cage group than in the bone graft group and titanium mesh group (P < 0.05). Vertebral height loss of the anterior margin was higher in the bone graft group than in the titanium mesh and Cage groups, but vertebral height loss of the posterior margin was highest in the bone graft group, followed by titanium mesh group and Cage group at 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). The increase value of Cobb angle was higher in the titanium mesh group than in the bone graft group and Cage group (P < 0.05). At 3 months after treatment, the altered value of Cobb angle was highest in the bone graft group, followed by titanium mesh group and Cage group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the height of anterior and posterior margins of the vertebral body and Cobb angle was detectable between final follow-up and 3 months post-treatment (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that the three kinds of fusion method for treating two-level contiguous cervical disc herniation could obviously lessen nervous systems and improve cervical vertebra functions. In the bone graft group, operation time was long. Intraoperative blood loss was more. Postoperative height loss of the posterior margin of the vertebral body was visible. Cervical lordosis could be easily induced. Compared with the bone graft group, titanium mesh and Cage groups could better maintain the height and curvature of the cervical vertebra, but the Cage group had apparent advantages.