中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (44): 7182-7187.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.44.024

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

内固定材料修复后踝骨折及其生物力学特性

王 展,张 军,张 堃,朱养均,王 浩,王登峰,邵宇雄   

  1. 西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-25 出版日期:2015-10-22 发布日期:2015-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 张堃,主任医师,西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 作者简介:王展,男,1970年生,汉族,陕西省西安市人,2005年西安交通大学医学院毕业,硕士,副主任医师。

Internal fixation materials for posterior ankle fracture and its biomechanical properties

Wang Zhan, Zhang Jun, Zhang Kun, Zhu Yang-jun, Wang Hao, Wang Deng-feng, Shao Yu-xiong   

  1. Xi’an Honghui Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2015-09-25 Online:2015-10-22 Published:2015-10-22
  • Contact: Zhang Kun, Chief physician, Xi’an Honghui Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Wang Zhan, Master, Associate chief physician, Xi’an Honghui Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China

摘要:

背景:后踝骨折是影响踝部骨折预后的重要因素,后踝骨折常由较高能量损伤导致,采用何种固定物、内固定材料的生物力学,并如何置入成为目前研究的热点。
目的:比较不同内固定材料对后踝骨折临床预后的价值,分析不同内固定方式对后踝关节骨折固定的生物力学效果的影响,为临床治疗后踝骨折选择最佳内固定物提供一定的依据及参考。
方法:由第一作者通过计算机检索1976到2015年PubMed数据库和中国知网数据库收录的相关的文献。英文检索词为“Ankle fracture;internal fixation;biomechanics;biocompatibility”,中文检索词为“后踝骨折;内固定;生物力学;生物相容性”,总结目前常用的金属内固定材料和可吸收内容材料,临床常用的金属内固定材料包括接骨钢板和螺钉,可吸收内固定材料如降解材料聚乳酸、聚乙胶酯和聚丙胶酯等,分析其生物力学特性。
结果与结论:新型锁定螺钉能承受更大的屈曲和剪切力,拉力螺钉具有丝攻作用,攻丝后的螺钉拉力更强,但对于伴有骨质疏松的患者螺钉对骨折块的加压作用有限,强度不够,此时宜选用锁定钢板,锁定钢板稳定性更强,对弯曲应力有较高的对抗性,拔出可能性更低。钢板结合螺钉提供了更好的稳定性。为了避免目前金属材料内固定骨折愈合后存在内固定物二次取出、内固定后应力保护等缺点,由生物降解材料聚乳酸,聚乙胶酯和聚丙胶酯等经高温高压加工而成的可吸收内固定材料强度提高,可吸收内固定材料可克服干扰影像学检查、内置物二次取出等金属内固定物相关的不利影响。说明可吸收螺钉力学特性更接近人体骨骼,无因应力遮档引起的周围骨骼的脆弱,无骨质疏松现象发生,而且可在体内降解,但其固定强度还是不及传统螺钉及接骨钢板,临床上应根据骨折部位受力情况和骨折块的大小选择合适的内固定材料。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨科植入物, 骨植入物, 后踝骨折, 内固定材料, 金属材料, 可吸收材料, 接骨钢板, 螺钉, 聚乳酸, 聚乙胶酯, 生物相容性, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Posterior malleolar fracture is an important factor affecting the prognosis of ankle fractures. Posterior malleolar fracture often caused by high energy trauma. Using what kind of fixation and fixation materials biomechanics, and how to embed has become a current research hotspot.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of different fixation materials on posterior malleolar fracture, and analyze the effect of different fixation methods on biomechanical outcome of posterior malleolar fracture fixation, so as to provide a basis and reference of selecting the best fixation for the clinical treatment of ankle fracture. METHODS: The relevant literature included by PubMed database and the China National Knowledge database from the year of 1976 to 2015 were retrieved by the first author through computer. English key words are “Ankle fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; biocompatibility”, Chinese language search terms are “posterior malleolar fracture; internal fixation; biomechanics; biocompatibility”. Summarize the most commonly used metal fixation materials and absorbable content materials. The clinical commonly used metal fixation materials including bone plate and screws, absorbable fixation materials such as biodegradable material polylactic acid, polyethylene plastic ester, polylactide gum ester, etc. The biomechanical properties were analyzed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The new locking screw can withstand more buckling and shear force. Lag screw has a tapping action, and the pulling was stronger after tapping, but for patients with osteoporosis, the pressure effect of screw on fracture fragments was limited, the strength was not enough, at this time, locking plate should be used. Locking plate has a greater stability and higher confrontational feature to bending stress, less likely to pull out. Steel coupling screw provides better stability. To avoid secondary removing of the fixation, stress protection after fixation and other shortcomings after the metal material fixation fracture healing, the strength of the absorbable fixation material made by biodegradable material polylactic acid, polyvinyl acetate glue and polypropylene plastic ester after high temperature and pressure processing was increased. Absorbable fixation material may overcome the adverse effects associated with metal fixation, such as imageological examination, secondary implant removal. These results show that the mechanical properties of the absorbable screws are more closer to human bone, no surrounding bone vulnerability due to stress shields, no osteoporosis occurs, and can degrade in the body, but its fixation strength is still less than the traditional fixed screw and bone plate. We should choose a suitable fixation material according to the forces of fracture site and the size of the fracture fragments.
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Ankle Joint, Fractures, Bone, Internal Fixators, Biomechanics, Biocompatible, Tissue Engineering