中国组织工程研究

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双极股骨头置换修复老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折:假体选择的争议

孙俊刚,周文正,李祖涛,徐万龙,陆林松,徐  阔,袁  宏
  

  1. 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830001
  • 出版日期:2015-09-24 发布日期:2015-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 袁宏,主任医师,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830001
  • 作者简介:孙俊刚,男,1973年生,山东省人,汉族,1998年新疆医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科、创伤、人工关节置换方面的研究。

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for osteoporotic hip fractures in the elderly: controversy of prosthesis selection

Sun Jun-gang, Zhou Wen-zheng, Li Zu-tao, Xu Wan-long, Lu Lin-song, Xu Kuo, Yuan Hong   

  1. Orthopedic Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Online:2015-09-24 Published:2015-09-24
  • Contact: Yuan Hong, Chief physician, Orthopedic Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Sun Jun-gang, Associate chief physician, Orthopedic Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

背景:老年髋部骨折患者数目巨大,该人群多合并多种内科疾病,全身一般情况较差,与全髋关节置换相比人工双极股骨头置换可以缩短手术时间,减少麻醉时间,提高安全性,但具体使用哪种固定方式一直存在争议。
目的:比较老年骨质疏松性复杂髋部骨折患者应用生物型或骨水泥型股骨柄假体行人工双极股骨头置换的安全性及疗效差异。
方法:选择2007年6月至2010年6月因骨质疏松性髋部骨折在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院接受人工双极股骨头置换的75岁以上老年患者198例,按选用的假体类型分为两组,生物型组69例,骨水泥型组129例,两组置换后均常规治疗骨质疏松。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、置换后髋部疼痛发生率、置换后下床活动时间、末次随访的Harris评分及假体松动率的差异。
结果与结论:198例患者中176例获得为期48-84个月的随访,其中骨水泥组122例,生物型组54例。骨水泥组手术时间较生物型组长,但置换后下地负重时间早于生物型组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);置换后末次随访时松动及髋部疼痛的发生率骨水泥组多于生物型组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组术中出血量、末次随访的Harris评分比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。在假体松动率方面,骨水泥组的发生率为5%,生物型组的发生率为4%,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示应用生物型或骨水泥型髋关节假体行人工双极股骨头置换修复老年骨质疏松性髋部骨折均有较好的中长期疗效,骨水泥型假体可以缩短患者下地时间,但手术时间、后期髋部疼痛及假体松动发生率均高于生物型假体。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 髋骨折, 关节成形术, 股骨头置换, 老年人, 骨质疏松

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The number of elderly patients with hip fracture is huge, and this population mainly combines with a variety of internal diseases. The general condition was bad. Compared to total hip arthroplasty, bipolar hemiarthroplasty can shorten operation time, reduce the time of anesthesia and improve surgical safety, but the operation using which fixation mode is always controversial.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and curative effects of bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cementless or cement femoral stem prosthesis in elderly patients with osteoporotic complex hip fracture.
METHODS: From June 2007 to June 2010, 198 elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fracture aged more than 75 years old, who were treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, were enrolled in this study. All patients were divided into cementless group (n=69) and cement group (n=129) according to the type of prognosis. Osteoporosis was treated conventionally in both groups after replacement. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incidence of postoperative hip pain, out of bed activity time post surgery, Harris scores of last follow-up and loosening rate of the prognosis were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 176 of above 198 cases were followed up for 48 to 84 months, including 122 in the cement group and 54 in the cementless group. Operation time was longer in the cement group than in the cementless group, but out of bed time was earlier in the cement group than in the cementless group post surgery, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05). The incidences of loosening and hip pain were more in the cement group than in the cementless group post surgery (P < 0.05). No significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and Harris scores of last follow-up was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidences of loosening rate were 5% and 4% in the cement and cementless groups, respectively, which showed significant differences (P < 0.05). These results indicate that bipolar hemiarthroplasty with or without cement for osteoporotic hip fracture in the elderly can obtain good middle- and long-term effects. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cement can reduce the out of bed time, but operation time was longer, and incidences of hip pain and loosening were higher in cement prosthesis than in cementless prosthesis.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Prosthesis Implantation, Hip Fractures, Arthroplasty, Osteoporosis

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