中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (22): 3472-3476.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.22.006

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

高龄膝关节置换过程中应用右美托咪啶硬膜外麻醉剂量的选择

史宏轶   

  1. 辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院麻醉科,辽宁省沈阳市  110034
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-24 出版日期:2015-05-28 发布日期:2015-05-28
  • 作者简介:史宏轶,男,1974年生,辽宁省灯塔市人,汉族,2000年中国医科大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事麻醉学、围术期神经系统保护和术后认知障碍研究。

Dexmedetomidine dose for epidural anesthesia in the elderly knee arthroplasty

Shi Hong-yi   

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2015-04-24 Online:2015-05-28 Published:2015-05-28
  • About author:Shi Hong-yi, Attending physician, Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

背景:高龄膝关节置换过程中硬膜外麻醉是一种常用的麻醉方式。右美托咪啶因具有良好的镇痛效果,被广泛应用于高龄膝关节置换硬膜外麻醉中,但不同的右美托咪啶应用剂量可能会导致不同的效果。
目的:探讨高龄膝关节置换过程中不同剂量右美托咪啶的硬膜外麻醉效果。
方法:从膝关节置换的高龄患者中选择75例进行研究,随机分为右美托咪啶负荷加维持组、右美托咪啶维持组和生理盐水组,每组25例,分别给予小剂量右美托咪啶负荷加维持、右美托咪啶维持、静脉滴注等容量生理盐水。测定3组患者不同时间的血压、心率、镇静/警觉评分以及手术操作遗忘程度,并进行比较,观察时间点包括T0(硬膜外麻醉后),T1(用药后3 min),T2(用药后5 min),T3(用药后10 min),T4(用药后15 min),T5(用药后30 min)。
结果与结论:用药之后,右美托咪啶负荷加维持组和右美托咪啶维持组患者的血压和心率均出现下降,其中右美托咪啶负荷加维持组明显低于右美托咪啶维持组(P < 0.05),且在T3时相最慢,右美托咪啶维持组以T4时相最慢(P < 0.05);用药后5 min,右美托咪啶负荷加维持组、右美托咪啶维持组的镇静/警觉评分均出现下降现象;T3时右美托咪啶负荷加维持组患者出现深度镇静且心率明显下降,需给予阿托品方能改善,T4时右美托咪啶维持组评分最低(P < 0.05),但未出现深度镇静,血压、心率下降程度较右美托咪啶负荷加维持组轻。右美托咪啶负荷加维持组和右美托咪啶维持组、生理盐水组对手术相关操作的完全遗忘程度分别为72%,68%,0%,右美托咪啶负荷加维持组和右美托咪啶维持组均显著高于生理盐水组(P < 0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明在高龄患者膝关节置换过程中,予以小剂量右美托咪啶持续泵注硬膜外麻醉可以达到良好的镇痛、镇静效果,并消除患者对手术操作的不良记忆,是一种较为科学的麻醉方式。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

 

关键词: 植入物, 人工假体, 右美托咪啶, 膝关节置换, 高龄患者, 硬膜外麻醉, 剂量

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Dural elderly knee arthroplasty anesthesia is a common mode of anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine, because of good analgesic effects, is widely applied to epidural anesthesia in elderly knee replacement, but different applied dose of dexmedetomidine may lead to different results.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine for epidural anesthesia in elderly knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: A total of 75 cases of older patients undergoing knee replacement surgery were selected and randomly divided into dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group (25 cases), dexmedetomidine group  (25 cases), and the normal saline group (25 cases), and then they were given small doses of dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance, dexmedetomidine maintenance, intravenous infusion of normal saline. Blood pressure, heart rate, Calm/Alert Standard Score and the operation degree of forgetting were observed and compared in the three groups. The time points included T0 (after epidural anesthesia), T1 (3 minutes after medication), T2 (5 minutes after medication), T3 (10 minutes after medication), T4 (15 minutes after medication), and T5       
(30 minutes after medication).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the use of drugs, blood pressure and heart rate were decreased in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group and dexmedetomidine group. Blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group than that of dexmedetomidine maintenance group (P < 0.05). Moreover, it was slowest in T3 phase and in T4 phase in the dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). After 5 minutes of medication, Calm/Alert Standard Score was decreased in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group and dexmedetomidine group. In T3 phase, deep sedation and heart rate decreased significantly in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group; above symptoms could be improved by giving atropine. In T4 phase, score was lowest in the dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05), but deep sedation was not found; the decreased degree of blood pressure and heart rate was lighter in the dexmedetomidine group than in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group. The complete oblivion extents of the operation-related procedures were respectively 72%, 68% and 0% in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group, dexmedetomidine group and normal saline group. Above extent was significantly greater in the dexmedetomidine loading and maintenance group and dexmedetomidine group than in the normal saline group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that in elderly patients undergoing knee replacement, small dose of dexmedetomidine continuous infusion for epidural anesthesia can achieve good effects on analgesia and sedation, can eliminate the bad memories for patients with operation, and is a scientific mode of anesthesia.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

 

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Dexmedetomidine, Anesthesia, Epidural

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