减体积肝移植模型大鼠肝脏能量差异蛋白的表达

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.18.015

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (18): 2874-2878.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.18.015

• 器官移植动物模型 organ transplantation and animal model • 上一篇下一篇

减体积肝移植模型大鼠肝脏能量差异蛋白的表达

刘静，李立，冉江华，张升宁，李来邦，张熙冰，高扬，陈奕明

昆明医科大学附属甘美医院、昆明市第一人民医院肝胆胰外科，云南省昆明市 650011

收稿日期:2015-02-03 出版日期:2015-04-30 发布日期:2015-04-30
通讯作者: 李立，主任医师，教授，研究生导师，昆明医科大学附属甘美医院、昆明市第一人民医院肝胆胰外科，云南省昆明市 650011
作者简介:刘静，男，1977年生，四川省眉山市人，汉族，博士，主要从事肝胆胰外科及器官移植方面的研究。

Expression of hepatic energy proteins following reduced-size liver transplantation in rats

Liu Jing, Li Li, Ran Jiang-hua, Zhang Sheng-ning, Li Lai-bang, Zhang Xi-bing, Gao Yang, Chen Yi-ming

Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Kunming and the Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China

Received:2015-02-03 Online:2015-04-30 Published:2015-04-30
Contact: Li Li, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Kunming and the Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China
About author:Liu Jing, M.D., Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, the First People’s Hospital of Kunming and the Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650011, Yunnan Province, China

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

背景：目前，蛋白质组学是一项比较成熟的科研技术，已经在肝移植基础研究领域中初步得到应用，但在大鼠减体积肝移植相关研究中的应用未曾报道。
目的：应用蛋白质组学相关技术探讨大鼠减体积肝移植后与肝脏能量代谢蛋白相关的差异蛋白。
方法：肝移植的供体是Lewis雌性大鼠，受体是Wistar雄性大鼠，供受体体质量差约20 g；移植肝质量/受体肝质量≈50 %。采用改良减体积肝移植模型。获取供体肝组织过程中按照要求进行减体积，修整供体肝脏，将门静脉和肝下下腔静脉分别套入不同型号的套管以备套入受体的门静脉和肝下下腔静脉，胆道用细小支撑管植入供体的胆管中以备插入到受体的胆管中；最后进行受体的肝移植，受体先切除受体的原来肝脏组织，然后将准备好的供体肝脏植入受体中。造模后1，3和7 d获取移植肝脏组织，然后与预先获取冻存的供、受体肝脏组织应用蛋白组学技术建立双向凝胶电泳图谱，再利用串联质谱分析及数据库对差异表达的蛋白质点进行鉴定。
结果与结论：采用变化倍数大于10倍为标准进行差异蛋白点的选择，结果总共发现了72个差异点，通过鉴定，最终32个蛋白的功能比较明确，其中有ATP合成酶β亚基、电子转化黄素蛋白β多肽和质子转运ATP合成酶3个蛋白参与了细胞能量代谢的过程，其分布于肝移植后的第1和7天，占6%。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

关键词: 实验动物, 消化系统损伤模型, 减体积肝移植, 肝脏, 蛋白质组学, 串联质谱分析, 差异蛋白, 能量蛋白, ATP合成酶

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: At present, the proteome is a mature technology that has been applied in basic research fields related to liver transplantation. But, it has been not reported in research related to reduced-size liver transplantation.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of differential proteins related to hepatic energy metabolism following reduce-size liver transplantation in rats by using by proteomic technology.
METHODS: The improved model of reduced-size liver transplantation was used in this experiment. The donor was health female Lewis rats and the recipient was male Wistar rats for liver transplantation. The difference between the donor and the recipient was about 20 g. The weight of donor liver/the weight of recipient donor was approximately equal to 50%. The donor liver tissue was harvested and trimmed to the required size. The portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava were cannulated, and the biliary tract was implanted into the donor bile duct for
transplantation. Then the donor was transplanted into the recipient after the removal of original liver tissue. Hepatic specimens were harvested by 1, 3 and 7 days after reduced-size liver transplantation. Then, the harvested specimens were compared with the normal donor and recipient liver tissue that were previously harvested and frozen, to generate two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profile using proteome technology. Then tandem mass spectrometry and databases analysis were performed after two-dimensional electrophoresis for identifying differential protein stains.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In this experiment, 72 differential protein stains with over lo-fold changes were selected. After identification, 32 proteins showed clear functions, and among them three differential proteins (ATP synthase beta subunit, electron-transferring flavoprotein beta peptide and proton-transferring ATP synthase) were involved in the process of cell energy metabolism. The proteins were distributed on 1 and 7 days after reduce-size liver transplantation, accounting for 6%.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: Liver Transplantation, Proteomics, ATP Synthase Complex, Energy Metabolism

中图分类号:

R318

刘静，李立，冉江华，张升宁，李来邦，张熙冰，高扬，陈奕明. 减体积肝移植模型大鼠肝脏能量差异蛋白的表达[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2015, 19(18): 2874-2878.

Liu Jing, Li Li, Ran Jiang-hua, Zhang Sheng-ning, Li Lai-bang, Zhang Xi-bing, Gao Yang, Chen Yi-ming. Expression of hepatic energy proteins following reduced-size liver transplantation in rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(18): 2874-2878.

图/表（结果） 3

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引言

材料方法

设计：蛋白质组学技术对比研究。

时间及地点：实验于2009年6月至2010年1月在昆明医科大学外总实验室完成大鼠减体积肝移植模型的构建工作，蛋白质组学及相关检测在上海博弈生物有限公司完成。

材料：

实验动物：供体为健康近交系的雌性Lewis大鼠12只，体质量200-230 g；受体为封闭群的Wistar雄性大鼠12只，体质量220-250 g。所有大鼠均由北京维通利华公司提供，饲养于昆明医科大学动物实验中心的清洁级动物房中，自由进食和水。供体术前要限制食物的量，但不禁食和水；受体术前禁食12 h，但不禁水。动物实验的所有操作过程均参照1988年10月31日国务院批准颁布的《实验动物和操作管理规程》，以及后来进行的各种修改和补充等等进行。

药物：他克莫司胶囊(FK506)，由日本安斯泰来制药有限公司生产，药品注册号为BH20060123，药品分装批准文号为国药准字J20060047。将FK506 0.5 mg溶解于10%葡萄糖水50 mL中，彻底溶解。

方法：

减体积肝移植模型的建立：采用改良法大鼠减体积肝移植模型^[19-20]。实验供体减掉左外侧叶、盘状叶和三角叶；供受体体质量差约20 g；移植肝质量/受体肝质量≈50 %。主要步骤为供体的获取并在获取的过程中按照要求进行减体积，然后修整供体肝脏，将门静脉和肝下下腔静脉分别套入不同型号的套管以备套入受体的门静脉和肝下下腔静脉，胆道用细小支撑管植入供体的胆管中以备插入到受体的胆管中；最后进行受体的肝移植手术，受体先切除受体的原来肝脏组织，然后将准备好的供体肝脏植入受体中，开放血供，止血，关腹。

术后处理：大鼠减体积肝移植后灌胃给药抗免疫排斥用药他克莫司胶囊0.1 mg/(kg•d)。

供体及受体肝脏组织标本获取：供肝灌注完成后，即快速减掉大鼠肝脏左外侧叶，然后切取1 cm×0.5 cm× 0.5 cm大小的肝脏组织3块放置于做好标记的冻存管内，随之迅速放置于液氮罐内暂时保存，待本次实验结束后将标本转入-70 ℃冰箱内保存。受体肝脏驱血完成、切除后，即快速切取1 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm大小的肝脏组织3块放置于做好标记的冻存管内，随之迅速放置于液氮罐内暂时保存，待本次实验结束后将标本转入-70 ℃冰箱内保存。

移植后肝脏组织标本获取：受体移植后肝脏驱血完成、切除后，即快速切取1 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm大小的肝脏组织3块放置于做好标记的冻存管内，随之迅速放置于液氮罐内暂时保存，待本次实验结束后将标本转入-70 ℃冰箱内保存。

蛋白质组学技术检测组织中差异蛋白表达：取-70 ℃冷冻保存的供体肝脏、原受体肝脏组织和移植后肝脏组织样品在无菌的状态下分别用生理盐水反复清洗，尽量的去除组织内残留的血液取和其他可能的组织等，用于做双向电泳。先进行蛋白质提取和定量，然后依次进行等电聚焦，胶条平衡及SDS-PAGE电泳，凝胶染色，凝胶扫描以及图像分析。

使用ImageMaster 5.0软件对图像进行分析，主要操作包括凝胶蛋白点检测、图像背景扣除、蛋白点灰度值标准化、不同凝胶间蛋白点匹配。分别将1，3和7 d的再生组织的双向电泳图谱与供体和受体组织的双向电泳图片进行比较，以变化倍数大于10倍或小于0.1倍为标准选择差异蛋白点用于质谱分析。对所有的差异点的信息进行整理，通过网站和数据库批量获得所有差异蛋白点的详细信息。按照功能对所有差异蛋白进行功能分类和分析鉴定。

主要观察指标：双向电泳和质谱分析等蛋白质组学技术测定大鼠减体积肝移植后肝脏能量蛋白差异表达的情况。

统计学分析：采用t 检验法进行统计学分析，SPSS 13.0软件包处理，P < 0.05为差异有显著性意义。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

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讨论

蛋白质组是指由一个基因组表达的全部蛋白^[21-23]，是指一种生物或一种细胞、组织表达的所有蛋白质^[24-25]，即细胞或组织或机体在特定时间和空间上表达的所有蛋白质^[24-26]。蛋白质组学及相关技术已经广泛应用到基础研究有关蛋白质的发现、鉴定和研究之中^[27-28]，并仍在不断的发展之中^[29-30]，已经在医学基础研究中发现了诸多与医学相关的蛋白质^[31-33]，对医学的发展做出了一定的贡献。本实验应用蛋白质组学的技术，研究了大鼠减体积肝移植后移植肝脏差异表达的与细胞能量有关的蛋白，即分别是ATP合成酶β亚基、电子转化黄素蛋白β多肽和质子转运ATP合成酶等。电子转化黄素蛋白β多肽参与呼吸链的过程，起电子传递体的作用^[34-36]；而质子转运ATP合成酶参与细胞质子转运装置的旋转功能^[37-39]。

ATP合成酶是由2个亚单位组成，即水溶性的F1和脂溶性的F0亚单位构成^[40-41]，主要存在于机体细胞线粒体内膜上，也有研究发现该酶还存在于内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞的质膜上^[42-45]，与肿瘤细胞的生长、侵袭和转移可能有一定关系^[46-48]。其中F1亚单位介导了细胞ATP的合成与分解过程和功能，而F0亚单位则介导了细胞质子转运装置的旋转过程，这两个功能的有机结合便形成了ATP合成酶的机械化学酶的功能^[49-51]。另外，ATP合成酶还具有影响内皮细胞血管生成、调节生物机体血清胆固醇水平、对肿瘤细胞内的PH值进行调节等功能^[52-55]。F1亚单位上的β亚基是ATP合成酶中真正起ATP合成与分解功能的机构单位它是此酶的ATP合成酶的功能催化亚基。目前，还有有研究表明了ATP可能是胰腺β细胞功能的一个限速酶，ATP合成酶β亚基与葡萄糖激酶表达上调后可以引起胰岛细胞的ATP含量和胰岛素分泌量的显著增加^[56]，而且，ATP合成酶β亚基能够逆转损伤后的葡萄糖反应性胰岛素分泌功能^[57]。

在本次实验中，大鼠减体积肝移植后1和3 d，ATP合成酶的表达没有显著增强或者减弱，当然也有可能与选择标准有关，因而，那些表达低于此标准的点没有进行质谱分析和鉴定，这也是本实验的不足之处，可能会漏掉相对比较重要的差异表达的蛋白。大鼠减体积肝移植后的早期，由于移植肝脏的缺血再灌注损伤比较的严重，细胞处于严重的水肿状态，细胞的线粒体膜的稳定性极差，肝脏各种类型细胞和细胞器的功能受到严重的损伤，而这些结构和功能损伤后的修复过程可能比较复杂，而且需要一段时间。大鼠减体积肝移植后第7天，移植肝脏快速的再生基本完全，但是移植肝脏仍然在不断的再生与损伤修复之中，此时，移植肝脏的ATP合成酶β亚基的表达呈现出上调增强，说明新生或者修复的肝脏组织细胞内线粒体ATP的合成和分解功能明显的增强。这种大鼠减体积肝移植后肝脏细胞ATP合成酶表达变化的原因和内在机制需要进一步实验研究。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程
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减体积肝移植模型大鼠肝脏能量差异蛋白的表达

Expression of hepatic energy proteins following reduced-size liver transplantation in rats

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