中国组织工程研究

• 骨与关节学术探讨 academic discussion of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎融合及植入物内固定后滑脱腰椎的椎体稳定性

朱瑜琪,王金荣   

  1. 中国中医科学院眼科医院骨科,北京市  100040
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-05 修回日期:2013-07-19 出版日期:2013-08-27 发布日期:2013-08-27
  • 作者简介:朱瑜琪★,男,1963年生,山东省广饶县人,汉族,2007年潍坊医学院毕业,主任医师,硕士,硕士生导师,主要从事骨关节、脊柱损伤及退行性疾病的诊治研究。 Zhyqi001@163.com

Stability of lumbar vertebrae with lumbar spondylolisthesis after lumbar fusion and implant internal fixation

Zhu Yu-qi, Wang Jin-rong   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Ophthalmology Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing  100040, China
  • Received:2012-12-05 Revised:2013-07-19 Online:2013-08-27 Published:2013-08-27
  • About author:Zhu Yu-qi★, Master, Master’s supervisor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Ophthalmology Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100040, China Zhyqi001@163.com

摘要:

背景:腰椎滑脱症的治疗目的是重建脊柱序列和椎体稳定性,解除神经压迫,达到永久腰椎融合的作用。
目的:探讨腰椎滑脱症患者腰椎融合及植入物内固定后椎体稳定性的恢复。
方法:腰椎滑脱症最常采用Wiltse分型将其分为发育不良性、峡部裂性、退变性、创伤性以及病理性,将腰椎侧位X射线片的上位椎体相对于下位椎体的滑移程度分为5级,根据腰椎滑脱症患者的分型和分级以及患者具体情况选择适宜的治疗方式。
结果与结论:坚强融合内固定,植入物与椎体间是刚性连接,常用来稳定脊柱、矫正畸形,骨融合率较高,减少了假关节形成。动态融合内固定是用弹性材质或微动装置分散坚强内固定负荷传导,减少应力遮挡效应及邻近节段的应力集中。动态非融合内固定能改变脊柱运动节段的负荷传递方式,阻止脊柱运动,预防邻近节段退变,使失稳的腰椎达到其正常状态的活动特性,实现动态重建腰椎序列。峡部关节缺损部位直接修复植骨,适用于青壮年有症状不伴有退行性椎间盘疾病的滑脱患者。腰椎滑脱症选择哪种材料植骨和植骨部位以及哪种入路方法融合和植入物内固定可以得到理想的融合内固定效果一直是学者们争论的焦点,目前尚未达成统一。

关键词: 骨关节植入物, 骨与关节学术探讨, 腰椎滑脱症, 椎体稳定性, 腰椎前凸角, 椎间隙高度, 植入物内固定, 腰椎融合

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis is to reconstruct the spine sequence and vertebral stability, relieve nerve compression, and achieve permanent lumbar fusion.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the restore of vertebral stability of the lumbar spondylolisthesis patients after lumbar fusion and implant internal fixation.
METHODS: The lumbar spondylolisthesis was often divided into dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative, traumatic and pathological with Wiltse classification. The slip degree of upper vertebra relative to lower vertebra on the lumbar X-ray film was divided into five grades, and then the appropriate treatment method was selected according to the classification, grading and specific circumstances of the lumbar spondylolisthesis patients.
RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: The strong fusion and internal fixation and the rigid connection between implants and vertebra are often used to stabilize the spine and correct deformities with high bone fusion rate, thus reducing pseudoarticulation formation. Dynamic fusion and internal fixation can distribute the load conduction of rigid internal fixation with elastic material or micro-devices, thus reducing stress shielding and adjacent segment stress concentration. Dynamic non-fusion and internal fixation can change the load transfer mode of spinal motion segment, inhibit spinal movement and prevent adjacent segment degeneration, in order to make the instable lumbar spine reach its normal activity characteristics, and achieve dynamic reconstruction of lumbar sequence. Lumbar isthmus defects directly repaired with graft is suitable for the young adult with the symptoms of lumbar spondylolisthesis and without degenerative disc disease. There is no consistent option on which materials and position is suitable for graft in the lumbar spondylolisthesis patients, as well as which methods for fusion and implant internal fixation can achieve ideal effect.

Key words: bone and joint implants, academic discussion of bone and joint, lumbar spondylolisthesis, vertebral stability, lumbar lordosis, intervertebral height, implant fixation, lumbar fusion

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