中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (47): 8885-8892.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.47.029

• 生物材料学术探讨 biomaterial academic discussion • 上一篇    下一篇

超声对比剂的材料学特点及临床应用

李鉴峰1，曲 虹2，郑长宏3，唐洪涛4，邢春生5   

  1. 解放军沈阳军区总医院，1医务部，2神经外科，辽宁省沈阳市 110015
    3解放军第201医院特诊科，辽宁省辽阳市 111000
    4沈阳军区本溪军分区卫生所，辽宁省本溪市 117000
    5沈阳军区辽宁省军区门诊部，辽宁省沈阳市 110032
  • 收稿日期:2012-03-30 修回日期:2012-10-20 出版日期:2012-11-18 发布日期:2012-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 曲虹，女，硕士，主管护师，解放军沈阳军区总医院神经外科，辽宁省沈阳市 110015 hanxiyao@163.com
  • 作者简介:李鉴峰，男，1973年生，山东省青岛市人，汉族，2000年解放军第二军医大学毕业，副主任医师，主要从事临床超声诊断的研究。 ljf-0273@sohu.com

Characteristics and clinical application of polymer ultrasound contrast agents

Li Jian-feng1, Qu Hong2, Zheng Chang-hong3, Tang Hong-tao4, Xing Chun-sheng5   

  1. 1Department of Medical Affairs, 2Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning Province, China
    3Department of Special Diagnosis, the 201 Hospital of PLA, Liaoyang 111000, Liaoning Province, China
    4District Health Station of Benxi Branch of Shenyang Military Command, Benxi 117000, Liaoning Province, China
    5Outpatient Department, Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2012-03-30 Revised:2012-10-20 Online:2012-11-18 Published:2012-11-18
  • Contact: Qu Hong, Master, Nurse-in-charge, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning Province, China hanxiyao@163.com
  • About author:Li Jian-feng, Associate chief physician, Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110015, Liaoning Province, China ljf-0273@sohu.com

PDF

799

被引次数

10

摘要：

背景：目前临床上应用的超声对比剂均是含有不同包膜材料和气体成分的微泡对比剂，微泡对比剂的出现使超声诊断技术得到了较大的发展。
目的：探讨超声对比剂的材料学研究特点，及超声对比剂在临床疾病治疗中的应用。
方法：超声对比剂是由气体微泡和外部包裹的膜物质组成，包膜材料主要分为白蛋白、大分子脂质体、多聚体和各种表面活性剂等。超声造影是通过增强背向散射信号来成像。超声对比剂研究的发展大致分为3个阶段，造影相关技术包括二次谐波、组织特异性显像、反相脉冲谐波成像、相干造影成像技术、对比脉冲序列、能量多普勒谐波成像、间歇谐波成像技术、编码谐波成像和超声造影三维成像。
结果与结论：超声对比剂形式的不同主要是通过改变微泡包膜和气体的性质和设计来实现的。微气泡能够实现超声对比剂的显影作用，还可在药物传输上发挥功能。新型的微泡超声对比剂不仅可以提供血流灌注学信息，还可以通过靶向作用于病变组织，分析病变的发生机制，使微泡对比剂的诊断更准确。随着微泡对比剂材料学研究以及制备工艺完善，使超声对比剂具有良好的生物相容性。不仅可以用于各种状态下的特异性超声造影，还可以利用空化效应携带药物或治疗基因向目标组织转移释放。微泡造影技术具有治疗、诊断和超声成像的功能，是一种安全、高效、无创的诊断和靶向传输治疗手段。

关键词: 高分子材料, 超声对比剂, 微泡, 白蛋白, 脂类, 表面活性剂, 靶向, 基因治疗, 氟碳, 对比剂, 抗肿瘤治疗, 表面修饰, 组织相容性

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Current clinically used ultrasound contrast agents are microbubble contrast agents containing different gas components. The microbubble contrast agents allow further development of ultrasonic diagnosis and have become a study focus in contrast agents.
OBJECTIVE: To explore methods of preparing polymer ultrasound contrast agents and analyze their clinical application in disease treatment.
METHODS: Ultrasound contrast agents are composed of gas microbubble and encapsulated membrane. The membrane materials contain albumin, macromolecule liposome, polymer and various surface active agents. Imaging of ultrasound contrast is achieved through enhancing backscatter signals. The development of ultrasound contrast agents is divided into three stages, and visualization-related techniques include second harmonic, tissue specific developing, pulse inversion harmonic imaging, coherent contrast imaging, contrast pulse sequence, energy Doppler harmonic imaging, intermittent harmonic imaging, coded harmonic imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound three-dimensional imaging.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Various ultrasound contrast agents differ in properties and designs of encapsulation. Microbubble enabled developing an image of ultrasound contrast and can play a role in transferring drugs. Novel microbubble contrast agents can provide blood perfusion information and target lesioned tissue to understand the mechanism of lesion to make the diagnosis of microbubble contrast agents more accurate. With developing preparation technique, microbubble contrast agents have good biocompatibility. They can be used for specific contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging under various conditions, increase cell membrane permeability by carrying drugs or theoretical genes through transient cavatition erosion, and improve transfection efficiency of drugs or genes. Microbubble contrast would be developed to have multiple functions, such as treatment, diagnosis and ultrasonic imaging and become a safe, high-effective, non-invasive diagnostic and targeting transfer treatment tool.

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