中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 612-618.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1938

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特异性骨靶向纳米递药系统的优势与临床可应用性

向海滨1,李新霞2,梁求真1,宋兴华1   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054;2新疆医科大学药学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-08 修回日期:2019-04-19 接受日期:2019-05-31 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 宋兴华,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830054
  • 作者简介:向海滨,男,1993年生,湖南省邵阳市人,汉族,新疆医科大学第一附属医院在读硕士,主要从事骨肿瘤及感染专业。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81860394)

Specific bone-targeting nanoscale drug delivery system: advantages and clinical applicability 

Xiang Haibin1, Li Xinxia2, Liang Qiuzhen1, Song Xinghua1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2019-04-08 Revised:2019-04-19 Accepted:2019-05-31 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-01-07
  • Contact: Song Xinghua, Chief physician, Professor, Doctor’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Xiang Haibin, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860394

摘要:

文题释义:
药物靶向性:靶向药物是在目标器官或组织局部形成相对高的浓药物度,减少对非目标器官、组织、细胞的伤害。目前根据靶向目标不同,可分为组织器官水平、细胞水平及亚细胞水平几个层次。根据靶向机制的不同,药物靶向可分为被动靶向、主动靶向、物理靶向等几类,其中的主动靶向即特异性靶向。
纳米药物递送系统:药物递送系统是利用临床医学、药学及材料科学等多学科手段,在恰当的时机将适量的药物递送到正确的位置,从而增加药物的利用效率,提高疗效,降低成本,减少毒副作用。纳米级药物递送系统是指在药剂学中把纳米载体负载治疗药物形成粒径1-1 000 nm纳米粒。因为其纳米级粒径可以使得药物在体内穿过某些生物屏障如血-脑屏障、血-骨髓屏障等,以及利用肿瘤组织的高渗透长滞留效应而达到被动靶向的效果,但其缺乏特异性。

背景:在骨相关疾病治疗中特异性主动靶向递药系统非常重要,而纳米技术的发展为其提供了良好的平台,同时为其提供了新的研究思路。

目的:针对以特异性骨靶向递药系统的目前发展及未来前景做一综述。

方法:应用计算机在PubMed、Web of Science和Medline等数据库检索涉及主动骨靶向性递药系统与纳米级递药系统的相关研究,检索关键词为“Bone target therapy,Nanoparticles,Drug delivery system”,检索时间为2014年3月至2019年3月。

结果与结论:靶向基团是特异性骨靶向递药系统的重要组成部分,它决定了递药系统的靶向效率。到目前为止已发现针对于骨组织、破骨细胞、成骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞的靶向分子,它们有各自优缺点。目前特异性骨靶向纳米递药系统已在各种骨病领域得到了广泛研究,如转移骨质疏松症、骨髓炎、多发性骨髓瘤、骨肉瘤、骨转移癌等。纳米载体应用的优势为其带来了临床潜力的同时也存在许多挑战,尽管许多基础研究显示出很好的体内结果,但很少有骨靶向基团修饰的纳米递药系统成功地将其转化为临床。

ORCID: 0000-0001-8512-0447(向海滨)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 靶向药物, 药物递送系统, 纳米医学, 骨靶向治疗, 靶向分子, 骨骼疾病, 纳米粒, 特异性

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Specific bone-targeting drug delivery system is very important in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Development of nanotechnology provides a good platform and a new thought for preparation of specific bone-targeting nanoscale drug delivery system.

OBJECTIVE: To review the current development and future prospects of specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems.

METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding active targeting drug delivery system and nanoscale drug delivery system published between March 2014 and March 2019 with the search terms “Bone target therapy, Nanoparticles, Drug delivery system”. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The targeting group is an important component of the specific bone-targeting drug delivery system and it determines the targeting efficiency of the drug delivery system. Targeting bone tissue, osteoblasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have their own advantages and disadvantages. Specific bone-targeting nanoscale drug delivery systems have been widely used in various bone diseases, such as metastatic osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, and bone metastases. Specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems have advantages and challenges. Although many basic studies have shown good results of specific bone-targeting drug delivery systems in vivo, little is reported on successful clinical transformation of bone-targeting groups-modified nanoscale drug delivery systems.

Key words: targeting drugs, drug delivery system, nanomedicine, bone-targeting therapy, targeting molecules, skeletal disorders, nanoparticles, specificity

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