中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (30): 4828-4835.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1417

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动态冲击兔脊柱单椎体:不同冲击速率、网格数量及材料属性变化对椎体应力分布的有限元分析

韩世冰1,张绪树2,郭  媛2,杜一铭2
  

  1. 太原理工大学,1机械与运载工程学院,2生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市  030024
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-06 出版日期:2019-10-28 发布日期:2019-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 张绪树,博士,副教授,太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市 030024
  • 作者简介:韩世冰,男,1990年生,河北省衡水市人,汉族,太原理工大学在读硕士,主要从事生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(11472185),课题名称:高处坠落时脊柱损伤机制研究,项目负责人:郭媛;国家自然科学基金项目(11772214),课题名称:人工膝关节设计参数与置换者步态和受力特征关系的生物力学研究,项目参与者:郭媛

Dynamic impact on the rabbit spine single vertebral body: finite element analysis of the stress distribution of the vertebral body with different impact rates, mesh numbers and material properties 

Han Shibing1, Zhang Xushu2, Guo Yuan2, Du Yiming2
  

  1. 1College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 2College of Biomedical Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-05-06 Online:2019-10-28 Published:2019-10-28
  • Contact: Zhang Xushu, MD, Associate professor, College of Biomedical Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Han Shibing, Master candidate, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11472185 (to GY); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11772214 (to GY)

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
单椎体:脊柱主要是通过颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶骨和尾骨组成,单椎体就是组成脊柱的颈椎、胸椎和腰椎。不同动物的单椎体数量不同,例如人共有7块颈椎、12块胸椎、5块腰椎,而兔子却有7块颈椎、12块胸椎、7块腰椎。
冲击:将实验样品置于冲击试验机(摆锤式和落锤式)上,对实验样品进行外力重撞,从而确定样品的力学性能。
 
 
背景:车祸和高空坠落时有发生,其中大部分造成严重的脊柱损伤,因此研究脊柱在冲击载荷作用下的损伤特性至关重要,也为脊柱的损伤防护和修复提供生物力学依据。
目的:通过有限元方法分析兔脊柱单椎体受到冲击载荷时的损伤特性及规律,分析不同冲击速率、网格数量及材料属性变化对椎体应力分布的影响。为单椎体的动态冲击实验及脊柱节段实验和模拟分析提供依据。
方法:利用Mimics、HyperMesh和Abaqus建立兔单椎体T12的有限元模型,首先进行网格的敏感性分析,选择合适的网格数量,然后在不同冲击速率下对椎体进行竖直方向的冲击有限元分析和模拟,并通过调节材料属性数值可模拟骨质疏松患者的椎体在受到冲击载荷下的应力分布,最后通过兔单椎体的冲击实验对模型进行验证。
结果与结论:①通过敏感性分析发现当网格数量为74 224时,有限元分析的结果比其他网格数量下的分析结果要合理,因此实验以网格数量为74 224的前提下进行分析;椎骨材料跟大多数脆性材料一样,当受到垂直载荷作用时可发生45°角的破坏形式,并且最大应力值主要集中在椎体两端,应力传递方向与骨小梁的走向趋势一致;②结果表明,通过敏感性分析选取合适的网格数量,使有限元分析结果更加可靠;通过实验验证了该有限元模型的可靠性,有限元分析结果可在一定程度上反映椎体在不同冲击速率下和骨质疏松椎体在受到冲击下的真实情况;有限元分析方法是一种比较经济、参数易于调节和控制、适用性较强的研究方法。

关键词: 单椎体, 冲击, 有限元分析, 损伤, 速率, 落锤, 冲击实验, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Car accidents and falling from high altitudes occur from time to time, most of which cause severe spinal injuries. Therefore, it is important to study the damage characteristics of the spine under impact load. It also provides a biomechanical basis for injury protection and repair of the spine.
OBJECTIVE: The finite element analysis method was used to analyze the damage characteristics and regularity of the single vertebral body of rabbit under impact load, and the effects of different impact velocities, mesh numbers and material properties on the stress distribution of the vertebral body were analyzed. These provided the basis for the dynamic impact test of single vertebral body and the segmental experiment and simulation analysis of the spine.
METHODS: The finite element model of rabbit single vertebral T12  was established by Mimics, HyperMesh and Abaqus. First, the sensitivity analysis of the mesh was carried out to select the appropriate number of meshes. Finite element analysis and simulation of vertical impact on vertebral bodies were conducted at different impact velocities. Stress distribution of vertebral body in osteoporotic patients under impact loading was simulated by adjusting the numerical value of material properties. The model was validated by a single vertebral impact test in rabbits.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Through sensitivity analysis, it was found that when the number of grids was 74 224, the results of finite element analysis were much more reasonable than those of other grids. Therefore, the analysis was based on the premise of the number of grids 74 224. Vertebral material like most brittle materials, a 45° angle of failure could occur when subjected to vertical loads. The maximum stress value was mainly concentrated at the two ends of the vertebral body. The direction of stress transmission was consistent with the trend of the trabecular bone. (2) It is concluded that the appropriate number of grids was selected by sensitivity analysis, which makes the results of finite element analysis more reliable. The reliability of the finite element model was verified by experimental verification. The results of finite element analysis can reflect the true situation of the vertebral body under different impact velocities and osteoporotic vertebral body under impact. The finite element analysis method is economical and has strong control and applicability; and the parameters are easy to adjust.

Key words: single vertebra, impact, finite element analysis, damage, speed, drop hammer, impact test, biomechanics

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