中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (24): 3882-3888.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1298

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤的分子生物学特征

吴东桦,何大为
  

  1. 海军军医大学长海医院骨科,上海市  200433
  • 出版日期:2019-08-28 发布日期:2019-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 何大为,博士,主任医师,教授,海军军医大学长海医院骨科,上海市 200433
  • 作者简介:吴东桦,男,1993年生,河南省安阳市人,汉族,2019年海军军医大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事骨外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(8157100974),课题名称:4-羟脯氨酸降解信号通路关键基因HOGA-1突变在遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤病发生中的致病机制研究,项目负责人:何大为

Molecular biological characteristics of hereditary multiple exostoses

Wu Donghua, He Dawei
  

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Online:2019-08-28 Published:2019-08-28
  • Contact: He Dawei, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • About author:Wu Donghua, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 8157100974 (to HDW)

摘要:

文章快速阅读:
 
 
文题释义:
遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤:是一种以生长于长骨干骺端、表面覆盖有软骨帽为典型表现的常染色体显性遗传病,是骨软骨瘤的一种,区别在于遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤患者全身多处长有骨软骨瘤,呈家族遗传性发病。
分子生物学研究:随着科学技术的发展,人们对肿瘤等疾病的研究进入分子领域,从DNA的复制和转录、RNA的翻译、蛋白质的合成等遗传学到DNA的甲基化、蛋白质的磷酸化等表观遗传学再到第一信使、第二信使等信号分子通路的调节控制,均影响着肿瘤的发生发展。想要彻底攻克肿瘤难题,就必须充分研究其分子生物学行为。
 
摘要
背景:遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤因较低发病率导致少有能作为临床研究的庞大家系,细胞模型、动物模型复制困难等客观因素存在对研究该疾病的发生发展机制造成了一定困扰。
目的:就遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤病理改变、分子机制、信号通路等研究进展做出较为详尽的论述。
方法:通过查阅往年国内外相关研究文献,研究基因网站,对相关内容及观点进行整合整理。
结果与结论:①遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤是一种常染色体显性遗传性骨骼疾病,特征为多个从长管状骨的干骺端向外生长的覆盖软骨的骨肿瘤,临床症状多变,与肿瘤所在位置、大小及形状等因素有关;②该疾病具有遗传异质性,主要与EXT基因家族的肿瘤抑制基因Exostosin-1(EXT1)或Exostosin-2(EXT2)的突变相关,在分子信号通路上与硫酸乙酰肝素及其下游信号传导通路有关;③综述总结了进几十年对遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤的相关研究,希望为后续研究做出铺垫。

关键词: 遗传性多发性骨软骨瘤, EXT基因, 肿瘤抑制基因, 分子生物学, 硫酸乙酰肝素, 刺猬蛋白, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Low incidence of hereditary multiple exostoses leads to few lines for clinical research, and difficulty in duplicating cellular and animal models delay the studies on the pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of pathological changes, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of hereditary multiple exostoses.
METHODS: By consulting relevant researches at home and abroad and researching the genetic website, we integrated related content and opinions.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Hereditary multiple exostoses are an autosomal dominant hereditary skeletal disease characterized by multiple bone neoplasms covered by cartilages that grow outward from the metaphysis of long tubular bones. The clinical symptoms that are related to factors such as location, size and shape are variable. (2) The disease is genetically heterogeneous and is mainly associated with mutations in the tumor suppressor genes Exostosin-1 or Exostosin-2 of the EXT family. The occurrence of the disease is mainly associated with heparin sulfate and its downstream signaling pathways in the molecular level. (3) We have summarized the researches on hereditary multiple exostoses in the past decades and paved the way for future investigation.

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