中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (11): 1774-1780.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1099

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

离心收缩运动训练延缓机体老化:正向效益存在的问题

彭  杰1,罗  炯2,宋  刚2   

  1. (1六盘水师范学院体育学院,贵州省六盘水市  553004;2西南大学体育学院,国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室,重庆市  400715)
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-07
  • 通讯作者: 彭杰,六盘水师范学院体育学院,贵州省六盘水市 553004
  • 作者简介:彭杰,男,1983年生,河南省商丘市人,汉族,2013年西南大学体育学院毕业,硕士,讲师,主要从事体适能与全民健身研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学面上项目(31360254);项目负责人:宋刚

Eccentric exercise training against aging: problems in physiological benefits

Peng Jie1, Luo Jiong2, Song Gang2   

  1.  (1Institute of Physical Education, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou Province, China; 2College of Physical Education, Southwest University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Sports Function Monitoring, Chongqing 400715, China)
  • Received:2018-10-07
  • Contact: Peng Jie, Institute of Physical Education, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Peng Jie, Master, Lecturer, Institute of Physical Education, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 31360254 (to SG)

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
牵张-缩短循环收缩:为了解肌肉在运动中收缩形式转换的情形,Davison于1984年提出肌肉收缩转换运动训练仪。从人体生理学上来看,在肌肉收缩转换运动训练仪运动过程中,当动作正确完成时,借由肌肉弹性组织所储存的弹性势能和在快速肌肉伸展时对肌梭的刺激及牵张反射会促进肌肉爆发力增加,特别是在减速与离心收缩阶段的末期最为明显。这样的离心收缩再向心收缩称之为牵张-缩短循环,简称SSC收缩。
成功老化:指个人能够做到延缓老化的过程,避免次级老化的发生,以逃避慢性病的侵袭,在生命晚期仍然具有活力与积极主动的精神,直到生命极限。成功老化理论则强调老年人必须保持身体健康、心智活跃与积极参与社会活动。

摘要
背景:
离心收缩运动训练可能作为老年人维持生理功能及抗老化的有效方式之一,但目前有关抗老化文献却不清楚老年人进行离心收缩运动对抗老化或健康促进的真正效果。
目的:综述离心训练延缓机体老化研究进展。
方法:检索了1995至2018年Elsevier Science-direct、Medline、EM、中国知网、中国期刊全文数据库相关文献。检索关键词包括:离心收缩、向心收缩、等长收缩、增强式训练、离心收缩训练、老化、体适能、生理、血液生化等。共获得文献298篇,根据纳入和排除标准,共获得典型文献46篇进行分析讨论。
结果与结论:①老年人进行离心收缩训练时会出现相对较低的有氧需求并产生较高的张力特性,其对肌力及肌肉质量的提升程度明显优于向心训练;②离心收缩训练能引发老年人肌肉的机械特性、肌肉型态改变及第Ⅰ类型单一肌纤维对钙离子的敏感度的提升;③离心收缩训练对提升老年人肌腱刚度、改善肌纤维收缩速度及增加骨质密度等有正向效益;④离心收缩训练易引发老年人肌肉细微损伤及延迟性肌肉酸痛症状,而熟悉离心收缩训练形态及负荷强度至关重要;⑤结果证实,离心收缩运动对于抗老化产生诸多正向效益,但目前老年人从事长期离心收缩训练的效果是否存在性别差异、是否更易引发肌肉损伤及酸痛风险、是否复合式离心训练比任何单独离心训练更有效、自觉舒服程度是否可作为老年人离心收缩训练强度控制的最佳方式等皆有待于更多的研究去证实。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-3518-3148(彭杰)

关键词: 老年人, 肌肉损伤, 延迟性肌肉酸疼, 向心收缩, 离心收缩, 等长收缩, SSC收缩, 抗老化, 生理效益

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Centrifugal systolic exercise training may be an effective way to maintain physiological function and anti-aging in the elderly, but the true effect of centrifugal systolic exercise on anti-aging or health promotion in the elderly on anti-aging is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of centrifugal systolic exercise for delaying aging.
METHODS: Elsevier Science-direct, Medline, EM, CNKI, and CJFD databases were retrieved for the articles published from 1995 to 2018. The key words were “centrifugal contraction, centripetal contraction, isometric contraction, enhanced training, centrifugal contraction training, aging, physical fitness, physiology, and blood biochemistry”. A total of 298 articles were obtained, and 46 eligible articles were included for analysis and discussion according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The old people show low aerobic requirement and high tension during centrifugal contraction, and the improvement of muscle strength and muscle quality is better than centripetal training. Centrifugal contraction training can induce changes in mechanical properties and muscle morphology of the elderly and increase the sensitivity of type I single muscle fibers to Ca2+. Centrifugal contraction training has positive effects on enhancing tendon stiffness, improving muscle fiber contraction speed and increasing bone density in the elderly. Centrifugal contraction training is easy to cause minor muscle damage and delayed muscle ache symptoms in the elderly, and familiarity with centrifugal contraction training form and load intensity is essential. Centrifugal contraction exercise has many positive effects on anti-aging, but whether there are differences in the effect of long-term centrifugal contraction training in the elderly, whether it is more likely to cause muscle injury and pain risk, whether compound centrifugal training is more effective and more comfortable than any single centrifugal trainings, whether conscious comfort level can be used as the best way to control the intensity of centrifugal contraction training in the elderly need further investigation.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Muscle Strength, Bone Density

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