中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 505-511.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1030

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

经伤椎椎弓根5钉或6钉强化内固定与跨伤椎椎弓根4钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折脊柱稳定性比较

周 宇,刘跃洪,刘树平,陈 曦,覃 炜,李其凤   

  1. 成都医学院附属德阳医院·德阳临床医学院(德阳市人民医院)骨科,四川省德阳市 618000
  • 出版日期:2019-02-08 发布日期:2019-02-08
  • 作者简介:周宇,男,1967年生,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱关节疾病相关研究。
  • 基金资助:

    四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研项目(17PJ213),项目负责人:覃炜;四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研项目(17ZD023),项目负责人:刘跃洪;四川省卫生和计划生育委员会科研项目(17PJ408),项目负责人:李其凤

Spinal stability of intervertebral grafting reinforced by five or six augmenting screws versus transvertebral grafting reinforced by four augmenting screws for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures

Zhou Yu, Liu Yuehong, Liu Shuping, Chen Xi, Qin Wei, Li Qifeng   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Deyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu Medical College, Deyang Clinical Medical School (People's Hospital of Deyang City), Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Online:2019-02-08 Published:2019-02-08
  • About author:Zhou Yu, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Deyang Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu Medical College, Deyang Clinical Medical School (People's Hospital of Deyang City), Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Sichuan Province, No. 17PJ213 (to QW), 17ZD023 (to LYH) and 17PJ408 (to LQF)

摘要:

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文题释义:
跨伤椎内固定:是在伤椎上、下椎体分别打入椎弓根螺钉后,置入钛棒,依靠纵向撑开力使椎间盘纤维环产生牵拉力以及椎旁肌、前后纵韧带间接产生的夹板作用,使伤椎复位,恢复伤椎高度并有效固定,跨伤椎内固定可以有效复位骨折处椎体,起到一定的治疗效果,但与此同时,跨伤椎手术中过度牵拉椎旁肌群,软组织过度剥离,导致患者术后腰背部肌肉发生萎缩,严重影响患者预后,且此法主要通过4枚螺钉与正常椎体进行双平面固定,平行四边形力学结构不稳定,复位力量在伤椎处大幅度减弱,导致伤椎容易发生移位,造成伤椎前缘高度及后凸Cobb角丢失,复位畸形。
经伤椎内固定:是将椎弓根钉拧入伤椎和其上下紧邻的椎弓根及椎体内,该方法通过在伤椎上建立一个支点,椎弓根钉在拧入椎体的过程中,其上方靠近椎体上终板,侧方接近椎体侧缘,这样可以起到向前的推动作用,有利于对伤椎进行直接复位,同时可纵向撑开伤椎与其相邻椎体,更好地紧张前纵韧带,获得韧带轴向复位,不仅有效地避免了椎体应力集中所导致的内固定松动、断裂等问题,提供更为坚强、稳定的固定,而且还恢复伤椎椎体高度,矫正脊柱后凸畸形,对受伤椎体起到推压作用,保证椎管中的脊髓不会受到压迫。术前证实为多发椎体骨折、邻近的椎弓根骨折及严重骨质疏松患者,不宜行经伤椎内固定。
 
摘要
背景:传统跨伤椎固定治疗后易出现骨折复位再丢失、断钉断棒等并发症,经伤椎置钉固定技术可获得良好的临床疗效,但其中长期效果还需要大量临床资料证实。
目的:比较经伤椎椎弓根5钉或6钉加强内固定与跨伤椎椎弓根4钉内固定治疗胸腰椎单节段椎体骨折的稳定性。
方法:将56例胸腰椎单节段椎体骨折患者按照是否行伤椎置钉分为经伤椎组29例和跨伤椎组27例。经伤椎组患者给予经皮伤椎椎弓根5钉或6钉加强内固定方案,跨伤椎组患者给予跨伤椎4钉经皮椎弓根内固定方案。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,以及术后椎体前缘高度变化、后凸矫正程度、疼痛和日常生活功能改善情况。
结果与结论:①所有患者均获得3年以上随访;②经伤椎组的手术时间长于跨伤椎组(P < 0.05);③治疗后1周、3个月和末次随访时2组患者椎体高度得到恢复,后凸畸形得到明显改善。末次随访经伤椎组椎体压缩程度及矢状面Cobb角矫正度丢失程度均优于跨伤椎组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④治疗后2组患者的腰痛症状、日常生活功能均得到明显缓解,在随访结束时经伤椎组目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均优于跨伤椎组(P < 0.05);⑤随访期间2组均未出现神经根损伤、钉棒松动、断裂及脱落现象。跨伤椎组术后有1例患者发生邻近椎体骨折,经伤椎组未出现临近椎体骨折;⑥结果显示,经伤椎椎弓根加强内固定和跨伤椎椎弓根内固定均能较好地恢复胸腰椎骨折的椎体高度和Cobb角,但是前者可更加有效的重建脊柱生理序列并恢复其稳定性。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-6951-7428(周宇)

关键词: 胸腰椎骨折, 单节段椎体, 经伤椎椎弓根内固定, 跨伤椎椎弓根内固定, 脊柱稳定性

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Lost of reduction and broken nails usually occur following traditional transvertebral fixation. Intervertebral pedicle fixation can obtain satisfactory curative effectiveness, but its medium- and long-term outcomes still need to be testified by abundant clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the stability between intervertebral grafting reinforced by five or six augmenting screws and transvertebral grafting reinforced by four augmenting screws in the treatment of single-segment thoracolumbar fractures.
METHODS: Fifty-six patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fractures were divided into intervertebral fixation group (n=29, intervertebral grafting reinforced by five or six augmenting screws) and transvertebral fixation group (n=27, transvertebral grafting reinforced by four augmenting screws). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, anterior vertebral height, Cobb angle, pain degree and daily life function were compared between two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for more than 3 years. (2) The operation time in the intervertebral fixation group was significantly longer than that in the transvertebral fixation group (P < 0.05). (3) The anterior vertebral height and kyphosis at 1 week, 3 months and last follow-up were significantly improved compared with the baseline. The degree of vertebral compression and loss of sagittal Cobb angle in the intervertebral fixation group were significantly superior to those in the transvertebral fixation group at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). (4) The symptoms of low back pain and daily living function in the two groups were significantly relieved after surgery. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores in the intervertebral fixation group were significantly better than those in the transvertebral fixation group at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). (5) During follow-up, no nerve root injury, or rod loosening, broking or dropping occurred. Only one case in the transvertebral fixation group suffered from adjacent vertebral fracture. (6) Our findings indicate that both the fixation methods can well restore the height of the injured vertebra and the Cobb angle, but intervertebral fixation can effectively reconstruct the spinal physiological sequence and restore its stability. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Fractures, Bone, Internal Fixators, Tissue Engineering

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