中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (15): 3971-3982.doi: 10.12307/2026.668

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

核因子E2相关因子2调控非感染性脊柱疾病的机制与治疗潜力

黄  磊1,王向红2,张先绪1,李世成1,罗志强1   

  1. 1兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市  730000;2酒泉市中医医院骨伤科,甘肃省酒泉市  735000
  • 接受日期:2025-06-30 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 罗志强,博士,主任医师,兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730000
  • 作者简介:黄磊,男,1998年生,河南省南阳市西峡县人,汉族,硕士,主要从事脊柱相关疾病方面的研究。 共同第一作者:王向红,男,汉族,主任医师,主要从事骨科相关疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    兰州大学第二医院萃英科技创新计划项目(CY2021-MS-A03),项目负责人:罗志强

Mechanism and therapeutic potential of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in regulating non-infectious spinal diseases

Huang Lei1, Wang Xianghong2, Zhang Xianxu1, Li Shicheng1, Luo Zhiqiang1    

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jiuquan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiuquan 735000, Gansu Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-06-30 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2025-11-10
  • Contact: Luo Zhiqiang, PhD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Huang Lei, MS, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China Wang Xianghong, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jiuquan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiuquan 735000, Gansu Province, China Huang Lei and Wang Xianghong contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Cuiying Science and Technology Innovation Program of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. CY2021-MS-A03 (to LZQ)

摘要:

文题释义

Nrf2:即核因子E2相关因子2,是一种关键的转录因子,广泛存在于细胞中。它主要通过与抗氧化反应元件结合,调控一系列抗氧化基因的表达,从而维持细胞内的氧化还原平衡。Nrf2的活性受到多种机制的精细调控,其中Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap1)是其主要的负性调控因子。在生理状态下,Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1通过泛素化降解途径维持Nrf2的低水平表达;而在氧化应激等刺激下,Nrf2与Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1解离并转移到细胞核内,激活抗氧化基因的表达,发挥抗氧化保护作用。
非感染性脊柱疾病:包括椎间盘退变、脊髓损伤、骨质疏松和强直性脊柱炎等,这些疾病虽然病因各异,但均与氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞代谢紊乱密切相关。近年来,核因子E2相关因子2在这些疾病中的作用逐渐受到关注,其调控机制和治疗潜力成为当前的研究热点。

摘要
背景:核因子E2相关因子2是一种关键的抗氧化应激转录因子,调控多种抗氧化基因表达,保护细胞免受氧化损伤。在正常生理条件下,核因子E2相关因子2活性由Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1介导的泛素化降解维持在低水平。氧化应激时,Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1构象改变,释放核因子E2相关因子2至细胞核,激活抗氧化基因。核因子E2相关因子2与椎间盘退变、脊髓损伤、骨质疏松和强直性脊柱炎等非感染性脊柱疾病密切相关,可能在其中发挥重要调控作用。
目的:综述核因子E2相关因子2及其Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1-核因子E2相关因子2-抗氧化反应元件信号通路在非感染性脊柱疾病中的作用机制,并探讨通过调节核因子E2相关因子2通路活性来改善这些疾病的潜在治疗策略,为临床药物治疗提供新方向。
方法:以“椎间盘退变,脊髓损伤,骨质疏松,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,强直性脊柱炎,核因子E2相关因子2”为中文检索词,以“intervertebral disc degeneration,spinal cord injury,osteoporosis,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,ankylosing spondylitis,Nrf2”为英文检索词,在中国知网和PubMed数据库中搜寻建库以来至2025年1月发表的所有研究文献,根据入选标准最终纳入核心相关文献109篇进行综述。
结果与结论:①核因子E2相关因子2通过抑制铁死亡、凋亡和自噬等细胞死亡方式,从而显著延缓椎间盘退变进程;②核因子E2相关因子2可以减轻脊髓损伤的氧化应激和炎症反应,保护神经细胞,促进功能恢复;③核因子E2相关因子2在骨质疏松中发挥双向调控作用:在破骨细胞中,核因子E2相关因子2抑制其分化和骨吸收,减缓骨质流失;在成骨细胞中,适度激活核因子E2相关因子2可促进骨形成相关基因表达,支持骨生成,但过度激活可能抑制成骨细胞分化;④核因子E2相关因子2在强直性脊柱炎中激活抗氧化防御机制,减轻组织损伤和炎症反应。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: Keap1/核因子E2相关因子2, 氧化应激, 炎症反应, 铁代谢, 自噬, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 is a key anti-oxidative stress transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple antioxidant genes and protects cells from oxidative damage. Under normal physiological conditions, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 activity is maintained at low levels by ubiquitination degradation mediated by Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1. During oxidative stress, Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 changes conformation, releases nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 to the nucleus, and activates antioxidant genes. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 is closely related to non-infectious spinal diseases such as intervertebral disc degeneration, spinal cord injury, osteoporosis, and ankylosing spondylitis, and may play an important regulatory role in them.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of action of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and its Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in non-infectious spinal diseases, and to explore potential therapeutic strategies to improve these diseases by regulating the activity of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway, so as to provide new directions for clinical drug treatment. 
METHODS: Using the Chinese search terms “intervertebral disc degeneration, spinal cord injury, osteoporosis, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, ankylosing spondylitis, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2” and the English search terms “intervertebral disc degeneration, spinal cord injury, osteoporosis, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, ankylosing spondylitis, Nrf2,” all research articles published from the establishment of the database to January 2025 were searched in the CNKI and PubMed databases. According to the inclusion criteria, 109 core related articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 significantly delays the process of intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting cell death modes such as ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy. (2) Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in spinal cord injury, protect nerve cells, and promote functional recovery. (3) Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 plays a bidirectional regulatory role in osteoporosis. In osteoclasts, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 inhibits their differentiation and bone resorption, slowing down bone loss. In osteoblasts, moderate activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 can promote the expression of bone formation-related genes and support bone formation, but excessive activation may inhibit osteoblast differentiation. (4) Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 activates antioxidant defense mechanisms in ankylosing spondylitis, reducing tissue damage and inflammatory response.

Key words: Keap1/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, iron metabolism, autophagy, review

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