中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 926-935.doi: 10.12307/2026.532

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

颞下颌关节骨关节炎软骨退变:机制及再生的挑战

杨  肖,白月辉,赵甜甜,王东昊,赵  琛,袁  硕   

  1. 河北医科大学口腔医院·口腔医院修复科·河北省口腔医学重点实验室·河北省口腔健康技术创新中心,河北省石家庄市  050017
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27 接受日期:2025-01-25 出版日期:2026-02-08 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 赵琛,博士,主任医师,河北医科大学口腔医院·口腔医院修复科·河北省口腔医学重点实验室·河北省口腔健康技术创新中心,河北省石家庄市 050017 并列通讯作者:袁硕,硕士,副主任医师,河北医科大学口腔医院·口腔医院修复科·河北省口腔医学重点实验室·河北省口腔健康技术创新中心,河北省石家庄市 050017
  • 作者简介:杨肖,女,1997年生,河北省石家庄市人,汉族,河北医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事口腔修复学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2022年河北省政府资助临床医学优秀人才培养和基础课题研究项目(361029),项目负责人:赵琛;2023年河北省医学科学研究指令性课题(20230184),项目负责人:赵琛;河北省财政厅河北省卫生健康委2024年政府资助临床优秀人才项目(ZF2024154),项目负责人:袁硕

Cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: mechanisms and regenerative challenges

Yang Xiao, Bai Yuehui, Zhao Tiantian, Wang Donghao, Zhao Chen, Yuan Shuo   

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Provincial Oral Health Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China 
  • Received:2024-11-27 Accepted:2025-01-25 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Zhao Chen, PhD, Chief physician, Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Provincial Oral Health Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China Co-corresponding author: Yuan Shuo, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Provincial Oral Health Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Yang Xiao, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Provincial Oral Health Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2022 Hebei Provincial Government Subsidized Clinical Medicine Outstanding Talent Training and Basic Topics Research Project, No. 361029 (to ZC); Directive Subjects for Medical Science Research in Hebei Province in 2023, No. 20230184 (to ZC); 2024 Government-funded Clinical Excellence Program of Hebei Provincial Department of Finance/Hebei Provincial Health and Health Commission, No. ZF2024154 (to YS)

摘要:


文题释义:
颞下颌关节骨关节炎:是一种常见的影响患者生活质量的关节退行性疾病,其病理表现为髁突软骨退变、进行性滑膜炎、软骨下骨重建和骨赘形成;炎症、氧化应激、异常机械应力等是发病的主要原因,临床表现为关节疼痛、弹响和功能障碍。
软骨退变:是颞下颌关节骨关节炎早期典型的病理特征;其发病机制复杂,目前认为软骨基质的降解、滑膜炎、氧化应激、软骨血管生成、细胞外囊泡、软骨细胞凋亡、肥大、铁死亡等都会导致软骨退变。

背景:目前颞下颌关节骨关节炎的发病机制不明确,传统临床治疗策略是缓解疼痛和减少炎症等对症治疗,可在一定程度上阻止疾病的进展,但无法逆转软骨的破坏。软骨退变作为颞下颌关节骨关节炎发生最主要的病理特征之一,越来越多的研究集中在其发生机制,旨在为颞下颌关节的再生提供理想的治疗方案。
目的:对颞下颌关节骨关节炎软骨退变机制的研究进展进行综述。
方法:以“颞下颌关节骨关节炎,软骨基质降解,滑膜炎,氧化应激,软骨细胞肥大,软骨细胞凋亡,铁死亡,自噬,软骨血管生成,细胞外囊泡”为中文检索词,以“temporomandibuar joint osteoarthritis,degradation of cartilage matrix,synovitis,oxidative stress,chondrocyte hypertrophy,chondrocyte apoptosis,ferroptosis,autophagy,angiogenesis,extracellular vesicles”为英文检索词,分别在PubMed数据库和中国知网进行文献检索,检索时限为2004年1月至2024年10月。通过分析和阅读文献进行筛选,按照纳入排除标准最终纳入81篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①软骨基质降解酶分泌增加,引起软骨基质的降解,导致软骨退变;②滑膜炎通过巨噬细胞M1型极化及炎性递质的产生促进软骨退变;③氧化应激通过活性氧的过度产生加重炎症反应促进软骨退变;④软骨细胞表型变化及死亡,导致软骨基质合成的减少,导致软骨退变;⑤软骨下骨的血管穿透钙化软骨层到达软骨浅层,破坏软骨的结构,致软骨退变;⑥炎症状态下血清来源的细胞外囊泡携带的生物活性物质也会促进颞下颌关节骨关节炎软骨退变。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6122-0309(杨肖)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 颞下颌关节骨关节炎, 软骨基质降解, 滑膜炎, 氧化应激, 软骨细胞肥大, 软骨细胞调亡, 铁死亡, 血管生成, 细胞外囊泡, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The exact pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is currently unclear. Traditional clinical treatment strategies for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis are symptomatic treatments such as pain relief and reduction of inflammation, which can stop the progression of the disease to a certain degree but cannot reverse the destruction of the cartilage. Cartilage degeneration, as one of the most prominent pathologic features in the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, has been the subject of an increasing number of studies that focus on its pathogenesis. Consequently, we hope to provide an ideal radical solution for the regeneration of the temporomandibular joint.
OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of research on cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.
METHODS: The search terms were “temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, degradation of cartilage matrix, synovitis, oxidative stress, chondrocyte hypertrophy, chondrocyte apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, extracellular vesicles” in Chinese and English. Literature search was conducted in PubMed database and CNKI, and the time limit for the search was from January 2004 to October 2024. Screening was performed by analyzing and reading the literature, and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 81 papers were finally included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Increased secretion of cartilage matrix degrading enzymes causes degradation of the cartilage matrix, leading to cartilage degeneration. (2) Synovitis promotes cartilage degeneration through macrophage M1-type polarization and production of inflammatory mediators. (3) Oxidative stress promotes cartilage degeneration by exacerbating the inflammatory response through overproduction of reactive oxygen species. (4) Chondrocyte phenotypic changes and death lead to the decrease of cartilage matrix synthesis, resulting in cartilage degeneration. (5) Blood vessels of subchondral bone penetrate the calcified cartilage layer to reach the superficial cartilage layer, which destroys the cartilage structure and leads to cartilage degeneration. (6) Bioactive substances carried by serum-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory states also promote cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Key words: temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, degradation of the cartilage matrix, synovitis, oxidative stress, chondrocyte hypertrophy, chondrocyte apoptosis, ferroptosis, angiogenesis, extracellular vesicles, engineered tissue construction

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