中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (15): 3960-3970.doi: 10.12307/2026.338

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨转子间骨折外侧壁完整性的生物力学功能及临床意义

封  涛,殷照阳   

  1. 南京医科大学连云港临床医学院,江苏省连云港市   222000
  • 接受日期:2025-07-19 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 殷照阳,博士,教授,主任医师,硕士生导师,南京医科大学连云港临床医学院,江苏省连云港市 222000
  • 作者简介:封涛,男,2000年生,江苏省连云港市人,汉族,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事创伤骨科方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省卫健委项目(2022-208),项目负责人:殷照阳;连云港市卫健委面上项目(202212),项目负责人:殷照阳

Biomechanical function and clinical significance of the lateral wall integrity in intertrochanteric fractures of the femur

Feng Tao, Yin Zhaoyang   

  1. Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-07-19 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2025-11-10
  • Contact: Yin Zhaoyang, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Feng Tao, Master candidate, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission Project, No. 2022-208 (to YZY); Lianyungang Municipal Health Commission Surface Project, No. 202212 (to YZY)

摘要:

文题释义:

股骨转子间骨折:骨折位于髋关节囊外解剖区域,其损伤范围涵盖股骨颈基底区域并向下延伸至小转子上缘水平,又名股骨粗隆间骨折,被称为“人生最后一次骨折”,多发于骨质疏松性老年人。
外侧壁:向头颈骨块插入内固定物的股骨近端外侧皮质。完整外侧壁可以增强股骨近端旋转稳定性,防止股骨干内移,为术中骨折端加压提供支撑,其完整与否对于内固定物的选择具有重要的指导意义。

摘要
背景:近年来随着对股骨外侧壁的临床特点与生物力学机制研究的不断推进,外侧壁的临床价值获得普遍认同,外侧壁的完整性是决定股骨转子间骨折预后的核心要素。
目的:围绕近年来股骨转子间骨折外侧壁相关研究进行综述,以期为临床诊疗提供理论依据,从而优化内固定术式选择并控制相关并发症发生。
方法:以“股骨转子间骨折,生物力学,有限元分析,股骨外侧壁,骨折分型,骨折固定术”为中文检索词,以“intertrochanteric fracture of femur,biomechanics,finite element analysis,lateral femoral wall,fracture classification,fracture fixation”为英文检索词,在万方、中国知网、PubMed数据库进行检索,文献检索时限为2015-2025年,最终选用70篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①新综合分类法能更细致地描述股骨转子间骨折的形态学特点,在临床应用中具有更大潜力,能够更有效地指导医生制定治疗方案;②针对外侧壁的有限元分析证实完整的外侧壁可增强髓内固定强度和稳定性,其支撑强度与外侧壁厚度成正比;③重建外侧壁有利于增强股骨力学稳定性,髓内联合髓外固定可呈现更优的临床效果;术前应根据患者具体状况制定个性化外侧壁重建方案。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 股骨外侧壁, 骨折分型, 有限元分析, 骨折固定, 生物力学, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the advancing research on the clinical characteristics and biomechanical mechanisms of the lateral femoral wall, the clinical value of the lateral wall has gained general recognition, and the integrity of the lateral wall is a core element in determining the prognosis of intertrochanteric femoral fractures.
OBJECTIVE: A review of recent studies on the lateral wall of intertrochanteric femur fractures was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, so as to optimize the choice of internal fixation techniques and control the related complications.
METHODS: The author searched databases including WanFang, CNKI and PubMed for domestic and foreign relevant articles with search terms “intertrochanteric fracture of femur, biomechanics, finite element analysis, lateral femoral wall, fracture classification, fracture fixation” in Chinese and English. The search time was from 2015 to 2025 and a total of 70 articles were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The new comprehensive classification can describe the fracture morphology of intertrochanteric fractures in more detail, which has a greater potential for clinical application and can more effectively guide doctors to formulate treatment plans. (2) The finite element analysis of the lateral wall confirms that the complete lateral wall can enhance the strength and stability of intramedullary fixation, and its support strength is proportional to the thickness of the lateral wall. (3) The reconstruction of the lateral wall is conducive to the enhancement of the mechanical stability of the femur, and the intramedullary joint combination of intramedullary and extramedullary fixation showed better clinical results. Preoperative reconstruction of the posterolateral wall should be customized according to the patient’s specific condition.

Key words: intertrochanteric fracture of femur, lateral femoral wall, fracture classification, finite element analysis, fracture fixation, biomechanics, review

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