中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2191-2198.doi: 10.12307/2026.541

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

骨质疏松患者行固定平台单髁置换后胫骨假体松动的有限元分析

刘文龙,董  磊,肖争争,聂  宇   

  1. 阜阳市人民医院骨科,安徽省阜阳市  236000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07 接受日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 聂宇,主任医师,阜阳市人民医院骨科,安徽省阜阳市 236000
  • 作者简介:刘文龙,男,1996年生,安徽省阜南县人,汉族,2022年华北理工大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事骨科、有限元分析、医学3D打印方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    阜阳市卫生健康委员会科研项目(FY2021-038),项目负责人:聂宇

Finite element analysis of tibial prosthesis loosening after fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for osteoporosis

Liu Wenlong, Dong Lei, Xiao Zhengzheng, Nie Yu   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-07 Accepted:2025-02-11 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Nie Yu, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Liu Wenlong, MS, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Fuyang Municipal Health Commission Research Project, No. FY2021-038 (to NY)

摘要:

文题释义

单髁置换:是一种骨科手术,主要用于治疗膝关节的单侧病变,如骨关节炎。单髁置换术涉及移除膝关节受损部分的软骨和骨,并用金属和塑料制成的假体替换。与全膝关节置换术相比,单髁置换术保留了健康的关节部分,手术创伤较小,患者的恢复时间相对较短。
有限元分析:在骨科领域的应用日益广泛,已成为数字化骨科的重要组成部分。通过计算机软件对骨科医学中的各种手术相关情况进行数字模拟分析,最终得到受力模型的应力和位移数值,为医学临床的诊断及治疗提供参考依据。

摘要
背景:骨质疏松症通常被认为是单髁膝关节置换术后假体松动的危险因素之一,然而对于骨质疏松症患者行固定平台单髁置换术后胫骨假体松动的有限元研究较少。
目的:通过有限元法探讨固定平台单髁置换后,不同骨密度下松质骨开槽及减少后倾角度干预后假体周围的滑移及应力特性。
方法:利用61岁女性膝骨关节炎患者的膝关节CT扫描数据进行三维模型重建,随后在计算机中对三维模型进行固定平台单髁置换手术,实施胫骨松质骨开槽和减少后倾角度的干预。分别赋予骨质疏松症和非骨质疏松症的材料参数,通过有限元分析法验证胫骨开横槽和改变胫骨后倾角是否会对假体无菌性松动率产生影响。
结果与结论:①在固定平台单髁置换的有限元分析中,与非骨质疏松膝关节相比,骨质疏松膝关节骨质承担载荷的能力减弱;②不同骨密度下的胫骨假体相较内外滑移均更倾向于发生前后滑移;③松质骨开横槽后模型发生滑移的程度降低,这种横槽设计可以预防假体松动;④对于骨质疏松症膝关节,减少后倾角度(从6°至4°)后的胫骨承担载荷的能力更强,发生假体松动的可能性降低;⑤同时减后倾角度和开横槽的方案对预防术后假体松动具有优势,这种优势在骨质疏松症膝关节中表现更为显著。



关键词: 单髁置换, 有限元分析, 骨质疏松症, 固定平台, 假体松动, 骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is generally considered as one of the risk factors for tibial component loosening after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. However, few finite element studies have investigated tibial component loosening after fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in osteoporosis patients. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the slip and stress characteristics around the prosthesis by finite element method after the intervention of cancellous bone slotting and reduction posterior slope under different bone mineral density. 
METHODS: The three-dimensional model of the knee joint of a 61-year-old female patient with knee osteoarthritis was reconstructed by computed tomography. Subsequently, fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty surgery was performed on the three-dimensional model in the computer, and the intervention of tibial cancellous bone grooving and reducing the angle of retroversion was implemented. Then, the material parameters were assigned to the osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis, respectively. The finite element analysis method was used to verify whether tibial slotting and changing the tibial posterior tilt angle would affect the aseptic loosening rate of the prosthesis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the finite element analysis of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, the bone bearing capacity of the osteoporosis knee was weaker than that of the non-osteoporosis knee. (2) The tibial component with different bone mineral density was more prone to the anteroposterior slip than the medial and lateral slip. (3) The degree of cancellous bone slip was reduced after the transverse groove design, which could prevent the loosening of the prosthesis. (4) For the osteoporosis knee, the tibia with reduced posterior slope (6° to 4°) had a stronger ability to bear load, and the possibility of prosthesis loosening was reduced. (5) The scheme of reducing posterior slope and opening transverse groove at the same time had advantages in preventing postoperative prosthesis loosening, and this advantage was more significant in osteoporosis knees. 

Key words: unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, finite element analysis, osteoporosis, fixed bearing, prosthesis loosening, orthopedic implant

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