中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2162-2171.doi: 10.12307/2026.580

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

新型变径螺钉在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹中的有限元分析

程旗圣1,居来提·买提肉孜1,肖  扬2,张陈伟1,帕尔哈提·热西提2   

  1. 1新疆大学,智能制造现代化产业学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830017;2新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱微创及精准骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04 接受日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 居来提·买提肉孜,副教授,新疆大学,智能制造现代产业学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830017
  • 作者简介:程旗圣,男,1998年生,新疆大学在读硕士,主要从事机械设计及理论研究。
  • 基金资助:
    “天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划基金(TSYC202301B026),项目负责人:帕尔哈提·热西提;中国医学科学院第三届中国健康长寿创新大赛资助项目(2022-JKCS-19),项目负责人:帕尔哈提·热西提

Finite element analysis of novel variable-diameter screws in modified cortical bone trajectory of lumbar vertebrae

Cheng Qisheng1, Julaiti·Maitirouzi1, Xiao Yang2, Zhang Chenwei1, Paerhati·Rexiti2   

  1. 1College of Intelligent Manufacturing Modern Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Minimally Invasive and Precision Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-12-04 Accepted:2025-03-06 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-08-21
  • Contact: Julaiti·Maitirouzi, Associate professor, College of Intelligent Manufacturing Modern Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Cheng Qisheng, Master candidate, College of Intelligent Manufacturing Modern Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    “Tianshan Talents” Medical and Health High-level Talent Training Program Fund, No. TSYC202301B026 (to PR); Third China Health and Longevity Innovation Competition Fund Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2022-JKCS-19 (to PR)

摘要:

文题释义

改良皮质骨轨迹:一种改进的腰椎内固定技术,通过接触更多皮质骨的路径置入螺钉,以提高固定稳定性。与传统椎弓根螺钉技术相比,改良皮质骨轨迹技术进钉点更靠内,对椎间盘和关节的干扰减少,旨在满足骨质疏松和腰椎退行性疾病患者的微创治疗需求。
变径螺钉:其特点在于螺钉的直径在长度方向上发生变化,这种结构设计使得螺钉在插入材料时能够更好地适应不同密度或硬度的区域,从而提高在不均匀材质中的锚定效果和承载能力。变径螺钉常用于需要增强接合强度的情况,如在骨科手术、建筑和汽车制造等领域。

摘要
背景:骨质疏松患者松质骨不足以维持螺钉把持力,脊柱内固定失败率高。腰椎传统椎弓根螺钉技术和皮质骨轨迹置钉技术仍有不足,改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术力学性能较好,但目前尚无与其特点相匹配的螺钉。
目的:通过有限元分析法比较3种新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉与非变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉在改良皮质骨轨迹技术中的性能。 
方法:根据1具成人骨质疏松尸体标本(男性,63岁)的CT数据建立L1-L5腰椎及骶骨模型,在改良皮质骨轨迹技术中分别使用3种新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉(单螺纹螺钉,全长45 mm,粗杆直径5.5 mm,细杆直径4.35 mm,分别在2/3处、1/2处、1/3处进行均匀变径,变径段长8 mm)与非变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉(单螺纹螺钉,全长45 mm、直径5.5 mm)在腰椎L4-L5进行置钉,未置钉对照组与4组置钉模型组进行有限元分析对比。通过计算腰椎活动度、内固定系统应力、L4-L5椎体应力、L4-L5椎间盘应力比较各组螺钉在改良皮质骨轨迹技术下的力学性能。
结果与结论:在前屈、后伸、侧弯、轴向旋转工况下,①2/3变径螺钉组相比对照组,腰椎整体关节活动度分别降低14.16%,23.75%,8.44%及7.17%;非变径螺钉组相比对照组,分别降低14.45%,23.97%,8.52%及7.07%;3种新型变径螺钉与非变径螺钉水平相近;②2/3变径螺钉组相比非变径螺钉组,内固定系统应力分别减少3.94%、增加20.60%、增加1.16%、减少8.59%;1/2变径螺钉组相比非变径螺钉组,内固定系统应力分别增加2.06%、减少0.05%、减少0.14%、减少5.98%;1/3组相比非变径螺钉组,内固定系统应力分别增加4.16%、增加13.96%、增加5.07%、减少4.19%;③4种置钉组椎体应力相比对照组均有升高,3种变径螺钉组相比非变径螺钉组没有明显升高;④4种置钉组固定节段椎间盘应力相比对照组均有显著降低,3种变径螺钉组相比非变径螺钉组基本相同。提示在改良皮质骨轨迹技术中,新型变径螺钉可以提供不弱于非变径螺钉的固定效果。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 改良皮质骨轨迹, 变径螺钉, 内固定, 腰椎, 骨质疏松, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In osteoporotic patients, cancellous bone is insufficient to maintain screw grip and the failure rate of internal spinal fixation is high. Traditional trajectory and cortical bone trajectory screw placement techniques are still insufficient. The modified cortical bone trajectory technique has been proven to have good performance, but requires screws that match its characteristics.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of three new variable-diameter all-cortical bone threaded screws with nonvariable-diameter all-cortical bone threaded screws in modified cortical bone track placement technique by finite element analysis.
METHODS: Based on the CT data of an adult osteoporosis wet body specimen (male, 63 years old), the L1-L5 lumbar vertebral and sacral model was established, and three new variable-diameter all-cortical bone thread screws (single thread screw, 45 mm in overall length, 5.5 mm in diameter for thicker rods, 4.35 mm in diameter for finer rods, and uniformly variable diameter at two-thirds, one-half, and one-third of the variable-diameter segments of 8 mm in length, respectively), were used in a modified cortical bone-track nailing technique, respectively. With the non-variable diameter full cortical bone threaded screw (single threaded screw, 45 mm in overall length, and 5.5 mm in diameter) in the lumbar spine L4-L5 nailed and modeled. The un-nailed control group and the four nailed model groups received finite element analysis comparison. The mechanical properties of the screws in each group were compared under the modified cortical bone trajectory technique by calculating the range of motion of the lumbar vertebrae, internal fixation system stress, L4-L5 vertebral body stress, and L4-L5 intervertebral disc stress. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation working conditions, (1) the overall range of motion of the lumbar vertebrae was reduced by 14.16%, 23.75%, 8.44%, and 7.17% in the two-thirds group compared to the control group. The non-variable-diameter group was reduced by 14.45%, 23.97%, 8.52%, and 7.07%, respectively, compared with the control group. The three new variable-diameter screws had similar levels to the non- variable-diameter screws. (2) In the two-thirds group compared with the non-reducing screw group, the internal fixation system stress decreased by 3.94%, increased by 20.60%, increased by 1.16%, and decreased by 8.59%, respectively. In the one-half group compared with the non-reducing screw group, the internal fixation system stress increased by 2.06%, decreased by 0.05%, 0.14%, and 5.98%, respectively. In the one-third group compared with the non-reducing screw group, the internal fixation system stress increased by 4.16%, 13.96%, 5.07%, and decreased by 4.19%, respectively. (3) The vertebral body stresses in the four nailed model groups were elevated compared with the non-nailed group, and there was no significant increase in the three reducer screws group compared with the non-variable-diameter group. (4) The stress of the fixed segment of the intervertebral disc in the four nailed model groups was significantly reduced compared with the un-nailed group, and was basically the same in the three variable-diameter screw groups compared with the non-variable-diameter group. It is indicated that in the modified cortical bone trajectory technique, the new variable-diameter screws can provide a fixation effect that is not weaker than that of the non-variable-diameter screws. 

Key words: modified cortical bone trajectory, variable-diameter screw, internal fixation, lumbar vertebrae, osteoporosis, finite element analysis

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