中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2255-2261.doi: 10.12307/2026.503

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

掌侧锁定钢板与联合背侧钢板固定桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块的生物力学特征

周道斌1,2,王科豪1,谢  洋2,宁仁德1,3   

  1. 1合肥市第一人民医院,安徽医科大学第三附属医院关节骨科,安徽省合肥市  230061;2马鞍山市人民医院关节骨科,安徽省马鞍山市  243000;3西藏自治区山南市人民医院骨科,西藏自治区山南市  856000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20 接受日期:2024-12-23 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 宁仁德,博士,主任医师,合肥市第一人民医院,安徽医科大学第三附属医院关节骨科,安徽省合肥市 230061;西藏自治区山南市人民医院骨科,西藏自治区山南市 856000 谢洋,硕士,主任医师,马鞍山市人民医院关节骨科,安徽省马鞍山市 243000
  • 作者简介:周道斌,男,1996年生,安徽省马鞍山市人,汉族,硕士,医师,主要从事骨与关节方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    西藏山南市科技计划项目(SNKJJH2020203),项目负责人:宁仁德

Biomechanical characteristics of volar locking plate only versus combined dorsal mini-plate fixation of distal radius fractures with dorsal ulnar fragment 

Zhou Daobin1, 2, Wang Kehao1, Xie Yang2, Ning Rende1, 3   

  1. 1Department of Joint Orthopedics of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Maanshan People's Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Shannan People's Hospital, Shannan 856000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-11-20 Accepted:2024-12-23 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Ning Rende, MD, Chief physician, Department of Joint Orthopedics of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shannan People's Hospital, Shannan 856000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China Xie Yang, MS, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Maanshan People’s Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Daobin, MS, Physician, Department of Joint Orthopedics of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Hefei , Hefei 230061, Anhui Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Maanshan People's Hospital, Maanshan 243000, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
     Tibet Shannan Science and Technology Plan Project, No. SNKJJH2020203 (to NRD)

摘要:

文题释义

尺背侧骨折块:属于桡骨远端骨折三柱分型中的中柱,包括桡月关节面和下尺桡骨关节面,若尺背侧骨块未能得到妥当处理,将导致桡腕关节、下尺桡关节的疼痛、无力、活动受限、脱位和创伤性关节炎等一系列并发症的发生。
生物力学研究:是生物力学领域中的一种重要实验方法,旨在研究生物体的力学行为和性质。主要目的是研究生物体在外力作用下的变形和损伤情况。通过生物力学实验可以研究骨骼的强度、韧性和疲劳寿命,以评估骨折风险和骨折后的恢复情况。

摘要
背景:多年来,通过手术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折已被广泛认可,但哪种手术方式能达到更好的疗效和最大限度恢复关节功能仍存在争议,无论选择何种治疗方法,目标都是解剖复位和稳定内固定。虽然掌侧锁定钢板固定已成为治疗桡骨远端骨折最常用的手术方式,但其无法保证实现尺背侧骨折块的足够稳定性。
目的:分析单纯掌侧锁定钢板与联合背侧微型钢板固定治疗桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块的生物力学特点,探讨不同桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块模式的最佳内固定方法。
方法:采用3D打印技术制作桡骨标本30例,建立桡骨远端骨折尺背侧骨折块模型,平均分为3组:组1建立伴有一块未超过Lister结节尺背侧骨折块的桡骨远端骨折模型;组2建立伴有一块超过Lister结节尺背侧骨折块的桡骨远端骨折模型;组3建立伴有尺背侧骨折块的桡骨远端粉碎性骨折模型。各组模型分别使用单纯掌侧锁定钢板固定或掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧微型钢板固定。将制备好的模型安装在生物力学定制夹具中,每个模型依次进行循坏载荷实验和失效载荷实验,观察生物力学稳定性。
结果与结论:①在循环载荷实验中,所有测试模型均未失效;各组模型的刚度比较:组1初始阶段不同固定方式之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),在第1 000,2 000,3 000次循环时不同固定方式之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);组2各阶段不同固定方式之间差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);组3各阶段不同固定方式之间差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②在失效载荷实验中,各组模型的弹性极限比较:组1和组3不同固定方式之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);组2不同固定方式之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);各组模型的失效载荷比较:组1和组3不同固定方式之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);组2不同固定方式之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③提示对于桡骨远端粉碎性骨折或伴有一块较小的未超过Lister结节的尺背侧骨折块,掌侧锁定钢板联合背侧微型钢板内固定的刚度和轴向压缩强度优于单纯掌侧锁定钢板,可在骨折愈合早期提供更为坚强的固定;对于伴有一块较大的超过Lister结节的尺背侧骨折块的桡骨远端骨折,两种固定方式的生物力学稳定性基本一致。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 桡骨远端骨折, 尺背侧骨折块, 掌侧锁定钢板, 背侧微型钢板, 生物力学, 骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For many years, surgical treatment for intra-articular fractures of the distal radius has been widely recognized, but there is still controversy over which surgical approach can achieve better efficacy and maximize joint function recovery. Regardless of the chosen treatment method, the goal is anatomical reduction and stable internal fixation. Although palmar locking plate fixation has recently become the most commonly used surgical method, one of the main limitations of this fixation method is the inability to achieve sufficient stability of the ulnar dorsal fracture fragment.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of treating distal radius fractures with dorsal ulnar fragment with only volar locking plate fixation and combined dorsal mini-plate fixation, and to explore the optimal internal fixation methods for different fracture patterns of distal radius fractures with dorsal ulnar fragment.
METHODS: Thirty radial bone specimens were produced using 3D printing technology to establish distal radius fracture models with dorsal ulnar fragment and divided into three groups. Group 1 established distal radius fracture models with a dorsal ulnar fragment not exceeding the Lister tubercle. Group 2 established distal radius fracture models with a dorsal ulnar fragment exceeding the Lister tubercle. Group 3 established distal radius fracture models with comminuted fractures with dorsal ulnar fragment. Each group of models was randomly fixed with either a simple palmar locking steel plate or a palmar locking steel plate combined with a dorsal mini steel plate. The prepared model was installed into a customized biomechanical fixture. Cyclic loading and failure loading experiments were conducted on each model in sequence. Biomechanical stability was observed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the cyclic loading experiment, all test models did not fail. Comparison of stiffness among different models: There was no significant difference in fixing method at the initial stage of group 1 (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in fixing method values at the 1 000th, 2 000th, and 3 000th cycles (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in fixing method between each stage of group 2 (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in each stage of group 3 (P < 0.05). (2) In the failure load experiment, the elastic limits of each group of models were compared: there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in group 2 (P > 0.05). Comparison of failure loads among different models: There was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in various fixing methods in group 2 (P > 0.05). (3) It is concluded that for comminuted distal radius fractures or distal radius fractures with a relatively small dorsal ulnar fragment not exceeding the Lister tubercle, the stiffness and axial compressive strength of volar locking plate combined with dorsal mini-plate fixation are superior to only volar locking plate fixation, which can provide stronger fixation in the early stages of fracture healing. For distal radius fractures with a larger dorsal ulnar fragment exceeding the Lister tubercle, the biomechanical stability of the two fixation methods is basically the same.

Key words: distal radius fracture, dorsal ulnar fracture fragment, volar locking plate, dorsal mini-plate, biomechanics, orthopedic implants

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