中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 546-552.doi: 10.12307/2025.864

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

新型股骨外髁逆行髓内针内固定治疗股骨远端A2 型骨折的有限元分析

余新林1,陈辉宇2,王盈盈1,郭卫中1,冯 彬1,林成寿1,林 旺 1   

  1. 1 福建医科大学附属闽东医院,福建省福安市 355000;2 福建医科大学,福建省福州市 350000
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 接受日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2025-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 林旺,福建医科大学附属闽东医院,福建省福安市 355000
  • 作者简介:余新林,男,1989年生,福建省古田县人,汉族,安徽医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科方面的研究。 共同第一作者:陈辉宇,2000年生,福建省安溪县人,福建医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    2020年福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J011334),项目负责人:林旺

Finite element analysis of internal fixation with new retrograde intramedullary nail on lateral femur condyle for distal type A2 femur fractures

Yu Xinlin1, Chen Huiyu2, Wang Yingying1, Guo Weizhong1, Feng Bin1, Lin Chengshou1, Lin Wang1   

  1. 1Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China; 2Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-31 Accepted:2024-12-20 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2025-07-03
  • Contact: Lin Wang, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Yu Xinlin, MS, Attending physician, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China Chen Huiyu, MS candidate, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian Province, China Yu Xinlin and Chen Huiyu contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    2020 Fujian Natural Science Foundation Project, No. 2020J011334 (to LW) 

摘要:

文题释义

股骨远端骨折:是指股骨远端关节面上方15 cm内的骨折,包括髁上骨折及髁间骨折。股骨远端骨折若发生在骨质疏松的老年人群,多为低能量暴力所致;发生在年轻人群则多为高能量暴力所致,常为开放性或粉碎性骨折。
有限元分析:是利用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统(几何和载荷工况)进行模拟。利用简单而又相互作用的元素(即单元),就可以用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实系统。

摘要
背景:钢板内固定是股骨远端骨折手术治疗的主流方法;髓内针具有对软组织损伤及骨骼血运破坏小等微创优势,同时髓内针为中心性固定,生物力学效果更佳,因此逆行髓内针成为股骨远端骨折内固定的另一个选择。
目的:采用有限元分析比较新型股骨外髁逆行髓内针、股骨普通逆行髓内针、股骨外髁解剖锁定钢板等不同内固定方式治疗股骨远端A2型骨折的生物力学特点,分析股骨外髁逆行髓内针的优势 。
方法:设计新型股骨外髁逆行髓内针,从股骨外髁外侧副韧带止点前方骨皮质插入。CT扫描1名男性志愿者下肢骨,建立有限元股骨三维模型。对模型进行分割,建立股骨远端A2型骨折模型,并分别建立小型股骨外髁逆行髓内针(小型组)、标准型股骨外髁逆行髓内针(标准组),普通逆行髓内针(普通组),股骨远端外侧解剖锁定钢板(钢板组)固定的三维模型。对模型施加600,1 800 N轴向载荷及4 000,8 000 N·mm的扭转载荷,观察各组模型中股骨位移、应力情况及内固定物的位移、应力、剪切力情况。
结果与结论:①600,1 800 N轴向载荷加载时4组中标准组的股骨位移峰值、股骨应力峰值及内固定物的应力峰值最低;②4 000,
8 000 N·mm扭转载荷加载时4组中标准组的股骨位移峰值、内固定物的位移峰值最低;③对比股骨外髁锁定钢板和普通逆行髓内针,新型股骨外髁逆行髓内针具有减少应力集中、降低内固定物失效风险的力学优势。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨远端骨折, 股骨外髁, 逆行髓内针, 锁定钢板, 内固定, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Plate fixation is the mainstream method for the surgical treatment of distal femoral fractures. The intramedullary nailing has the advantages of minimally invasive, such as less soft tissue injury and bone blood supply destruction. At the same time, it is a central fixation and has better biomechanical effect. Therefore, retrograde intramedullary nailing has become another option for the internal fixation of distal femoral fractures.
OBJECTIVE: The biomechanical characteristics of new retrograde intramedullary nail on lateral femur condyle, common femoral retrograde intramedullary nail, and lateral femur condyle anatomical locking plate for the treatment of A2-type distal femoral fractures were compared using finite element analysis, and the advantages of new retrograde intramedullary nail on lateral femur condyle was studied.
METHODS: A new retrograde intramedullary nail on lateral femur condyle was designed, which was inserted into the bone cortex in front of the insertion point of the lateral collateral ligament of the lateral femoral condyle. A CT scan was performed on the lower limb bone of a male volunteer, and a three-dimensional model of the femur was established. The model was then segmented to create a three-dimensional model of a femoral distal A2-type fracture, The three-dimensional models of small (small group), standard type retrograde intramedullary nail on the lateral femoral condyle (standard group), common retrograde intramedullary needle (common group), and lateral femur condyle anatomical locking plate (plate group) were established respectively. The axial stresses of 600, 1 800 N and the torsional load of 4 000, 8 000 N·mm were applied to the models, and the displacement and stress of femur and the displacement, stress and shear force of internal fixators were observed in each group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When subjected to axial load of 600 and 1 800 N, the femoral peak displacement, the femoral peak stress, and the peak stress of interal fixation in the standard group were the lowest among the four groups. (2) When subjected to torsional load of 4 000 and 8 000 N·mm, the femoral peak displacement and peak displacement of the internal fixation in the standard group were the lowest among the four groups. (3) Compared with femoral lateral condylar locking plate and common retrograde intramedullary needle, the new retrograde intramedullary needle on lateral femur condyle has mechanical advantages of reducing stress concentration and decreasing the risk of internal fixation failure.

Key words: distal femoral fracture, lateral femoral condyle, retrograde intramedullary nail, locking plate, internal fixation, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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