中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 577-585.doi: 10.12307/2026.545

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

内镜下椎管减压治疗高位腰椎管狭窄症:3 种手术模型生物力学稳定性的比较

马靖博1,2,杨广南2,刘  江2,蒋  强2,张晗硕2,韩嘉恒2,丁  宇1,2   

  1. 1安徽医科大学第二附属医院,安徽省合肥市  230032;2解放军总医院第六医学中心骨伤科,北京市  100048
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-16 接受日期:2025-01-25 出版日期:2026-01-28 发布日期:2025-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 丁宇,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,安徽医科大学第二附属医院,安徽省合肥市 230032;解放军总医院第六医学中心骨伤科,北京市 100048
  • 作者简介:马靖博,男,1998年生,汉族,硕士,主要从事微创脊柱外科、医学有限元方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82274637),项目负责人:丁宇

Endoscopic lumbar canal decompression for upper lumbar spinal stenosis: a comparison of biomechanical stability of three surgical models

Ma Jingbo1, 2, Yang Guangnan2, Liu Jiang2, Jiang Qiang2, Zhang Hanshuo2, Han Jiaheng2, Ding Yu1, 2   

  1. 1Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • Received:2024-11-16 Accepted:2025-01-25 Online:2026-01-28 Published:2025-07-03
  • Contact: Ding Yu, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • About author:Ma Jingbo, MS, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82274637 (to DY)

摘要:

文题释义:

全脊柱内镜下椎管减压:是一种微创技术,旨在治疗椎管狭窄、椎间盘突出等脊柱病变。该手术通过一个小切口引入内镜,利用内镜下的直视操作,精准去除导致硬膜囊和神经根压迫的骨质、增厚的韧带或突出的椎间盘组织,创伤更小,软组织损伤显著减少,从而缩短了术后康复时间,降低了术后疼痛程度,且最大限度地保留了脊柱的正常解剖结构和稳定性。此技术已被广泛应用于椎间盘突出症和椎管狭窄症的治疗,具有较高的安全性和较好的疗效。
有限元分析:是一种基于数学和物理原理的高级模拟技术,用于模拟和评估复杂结构在各种力学条件下的响应与行为。在脊柱手术研究中,有限元分析被广泛应用于预测和分析不同手术术式对脊柱力学稳定性的影响。通过将脊柱结构离散化为有限数量的单元,详细计算出术后脊柱在不同生物力学载荷下的应力分布、位移和节段活动度变化。有限元分析为评估手术有效性提供了客观、精确的数据支持,有助于优化手术方案,提升临床治疗效果。

摘要
背景:高位腰椎管狭窄症是一种复杂的脊柱退行性疾病,针对发生在高位腰椎(L1-L4)的狭窄,手术选择尤为复杂,现有微创手术各具优缺点,目前鲜有对于治疗高位腰椎管狭窄症不同手术方式生物力学对比及有限元分析的相关研究报道。
目的:分析脊柱内镜下单侧入路双侧减压术、经椎间孔入路内镜下腰椎椎管减压术及交叉过顶减压术治疗高位腰椎管狭窄症的生物力学特点,评估3种手术方式在治疗高位腰椎管狭窄症中的可靠性与有效性,为临床决策提供生物力学证据支持。
方法:选择1名健康男性志愿者的腰椎CT图像,借助Mimics、Geomagic、Solidworks和Ansys等软件构建正常L1-L5腰椎节段的有限元模型M0。选择具有代表高位腰椎特点的L2-L3节段,在此基础上分别建立脊柱内镜下单侧入路双侧减压手术模型M1,经椎间孔入路内镜下腰椎椎管减压手术模型M2及交叉过顶减压手术模型M3。使用软件模拟并评估各组模型在前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转及右旋转6种工况下腰椎全节段的活动度变化以及椎间盘的Von Mises应力极值。
结果与结论:①与模型M0相比,模型M1、M2、M3在6种工况下的活动度均增加,其中M1增加最为显著;②手术模型M1和M2在前屈、后伸及右旋转中的活动度增加尤为突出,其他工况的增加比例均不超过7%;③模型M1与M3相比,在后伸及左侧弯时整体关节活动度略有增加,其他方面无明显变化,且L1-L5腰椎节段未达失稳状态;④模型M1的椎间盘应力极值在前屈和后伸载荷条件下增加最为显著,而在左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转及右旋转载荷下,增加的幅度都不超过5%;⑤结果提示脊柱内镜下单侧入路双侧减压技术在治疗高位腰椎管狭窄症时,由于小关节的偏矢状位解剖特点,完成减压操作会切除更多的小关节,这影响了腰椎整体节段的稳定性;椎间孔入路内镜下腰椎椎管减压技术适用于椎间孔区狭窄患者,对于中央型腹侧狭窄严重的患者,不能充分完成减压;而Cross-Overtop技术能够有效扩大中央椎管和侧隐窝的容积,优化减压效果,在治疗高位腰椎管狭窄症时具有独特的优势。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 高位腰椎管狭窄症, 脊柱内镜, 椎管减压术, 生物力学, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Upper lumbar spinal stenosis is a multifactorial degenerative disorder of the spine. For narrowing of the spinal canal in the upper lumbar region (L1-L4), surgical decision-making is particularly complex. Existing minimally invasive surgeries each have their own advantages and limitations. Currently, there are few reports on biomechanical comparison and finite element analysis of different surgical methods for the treatment of high lumbar spinal stenosis. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical impact of endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression, transforaminal endoscopic lumbar decompression, and cross-overtop decompression in the treatment of upper lumbar spinal stenosis using endoscopy, and to verify the reliability and effectiveness of these three surgical techniques in treating upper lumbar spinal stenosis, providing a biomechanical basis for clinical decision-making.
METHODS: The CT images of the lumbar spine of a healthy volunteer were selected, and the finite element model M0 of the normal lumbar L1-L5 segments was established using Mimics, Geomagic, Solid works, and Ansys software. The L2-L3 segment, representing upper lumbar characteristics, was chosen. Based on this model, the surgical models for endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (M1), transforaminal endoscopic lumbar decompression (M2), and cross-overtop decompression (M3) were established. Using software, the changes in the range of motion of the entire lumbar segment and the maximum Von Mises stress of the intervertebral discs were simulated and evaluated for each group of models under six loading conditions: flexion, extension, left lateral bending, right lateral bending, left rotation, and right rotation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with model M0, the range of motion in M1, M2, and M3 increased under all six conditions, with M1 showing a greater increase. (2) M1 and M2 demonstrated significant increases in range of motion under forward bending, extension, and right rotation, while the increase under other conditions remained below 7%. (3) Compared with model M3, model M1 exhibited slightly increased overall joint range of motion during extension and left bending, while no significant changes were observed in other aspects, and the L1-L5 lumbar segments did not reach an unstable state. (4) In model M1, the maximum Von Mises stress of the intervertebral discs increased most significantly under flexion and extension loading conditions. However, under left lateral bending, right lateral bending, left rotation, and right rotation loading conditions, the increase did not exceed 5%. (5) These findings suggest that due to the sagittal anatomical characteristics of the facet joints, the unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression technique, while decompressing, involves resection of more facet joints, which impacts overall segmental stability. The transforaminal endoscopic lumbar decompression technique is suitable for patients with foraminal stenosis but cannot achieve complete decompression for those with severe ventral central stenosis. The Cross-Overtop technique effectively enlarges the volume of the central canal and lateral recess, optimizing decompression, and shows unique advantages in treating upper lumbar spinal stenosis.

Key words: upper lumbar spinal stenosis, spinal endoscopy, decompression surgery, biomechanics, finite element analysis

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