中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (15): 3953-3959.doi: 10.12307/2025.854

• 骨与关节图像与影像Bone and joint imaging • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨颈骨折患者股动静脉及股神经投影与股骨头的位置关系

唐云涛1,2,吴钟汉1,2,王景坤1,2,李  涛1,2,鲁景涛1,2,毛诗潭1,2,汤  健1,2,3,许新忠1,2   

  1. 安徽医科大学第二附属医院,1骨科,2转化医学中心骨科研究所,安徽省合肥市   230601;3安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科,安徽省合肥市   230000
  • 接受日期:2024-10-26 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2025-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 许新忠,博士,副主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,安徽医科大学第二附属医院骨科,转化医学中心骨科研究所,安徽省合肥市 230601
  • 作者简介:唐云涛,男,1994年生,安徽省合肥市人,汉族,安徽医科大学骨科在读硕士,主要从事创伤骨科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽医科大学第二附属医院临床研究培育计划(JF20236052),项目负责人:许新忠;安徽医科大学第二附属医院转化医学研究院科研基金(9101193203),项目负责人:许新忠

Relationship of femoral artery, vein and nerve projections with femoral head positions in patients with femoral neck fracture

Tang Yuntao1, 2, Wu Zhonghan1, 2, Wang Jingkun1, 2, Li Tao1, 2, Lu Jingtao1, 2, Mao Shitan1, 2, Tang Jian1, 2, 3, Xu Xinzhong1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, 2Orthopedic Research Institute of Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • Accepted:2024-10-26 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2025-11-10
  • Contact: Xu Xinzhong, MD, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, and Orthopedic Research Institute of Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Tang Yuntao, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, and Orthopedic Research Institute of Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Clinical Research Cultivation Program of The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. JF20236052 (to XXZ); Research Fund of Institute of Translational Medicine of The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 9101193203 (to XXZ) 

摘要:

文题释义:

股骨颈骨折:人体大腿的骨头是股骨,股骨近端呈球形,称为股骨头。股骨头向下向外延伸形成股骨颈,股骨颈是连接股骨头和股骨干的部位,相对薄弱,该处骨折是指在外界暴力的作用下,股骨颈的完整性和连续性遭到破坏。股骨颈骨折发病率约为全身骨折的3.61%,占髋部骨折的54%。
股动、静脉:在正常解剖结构下,股动脉位于股静脉的外侧。股动脉的位置在腹股沟中点下,即髂前上棘和耻骨联合连线的中点,在此处可以扪及搏动性的血管为股动脉。股静脉位置在股动脉内侧0.5-1.0 cm,主要是引流下肢的血液回流到心脏。

摘要
背景:股骨头的血供是影响股骨颈骨折患者预后的重要因素,因此在进行股骨颈骨折闭合复位内固定时,深入了解股动静脉和股神经有助于手术的顺利进行。
目的:通过超声定位股动静脉及股神经的位置,得出两者在股骨头上的投影及对应关系。
方法:收集2014年1月至2020年1月收治的行闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者195例,女108例,男87例;平均年龄为39.1岁(23-65岁);Garden Ⅰ型13例,Garden Ⅱ型24例,Garden Ⅲ型90例,Garden Ⅳ型68例;左侧99例,右侧96例;合并高血压55例,合并糖尿病39例,合并心律失常15例,既往脑梗死患者9例。应用超声定位股血管及股神经并标记在髋部的走行线,再将克氏针置于标记线上,利用克氏针在股骨头上的透视成像,得出两者的相对关系。并根据股骨头内外侧缘切线和经股骨头中心点垂线分为A、B、C、D区。
结果与结论:①股动静脉及股神经位于A区129例(66%),B区38例(20%),C区28例(14%),D区0例,大部分股血管走行于股骨头内侧,部分股血管和股骨头投影重叠,股骨头外侧无血管投影;②股血管与股神经在股骨头的投影大部分位于A区,即股骨头的内侧;在股骨头的外侧无股血管及股神经的投影,即D区是无血管神经区,此区域进针是相对安全的;而对于股血管及股神经在股骨头内侧的病例,采取克氏针垂直进针固定股骨头也是相对安全的;③对股血管及股神经在B、C区的,需要倾斜进针,才能避免损伤血管与股神经。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 股动脉, 股静脉, 股骨头, 位置, 股神经, 超声, 克氏针, 骨折植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The blood supply to the femoral head is a significant factor affecting the prognosis of patients with femoral neck fractures. Therefore, a deep understanding of the femoral artery, vein, and femoral nerve is conducive to the smooth progression of closed reduction and internal fixation for femoral neck fractures. 
OBJECTIVE: To obtain the projection and corresponding relations of femoral arteries, veins and femoral nerve on the femoral head by using the ultrasound to locate the position of femoral arteries, veins and femoral nerve.  
METHODS: 195 patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing closed reduction and internal fixation treated between January 2014 and January 2020 were collected, among whom there were 108 females and 87 males, with an average age of 39.1 (23-65) years. There were Garden I in 13 cases, Garden II in 24 cases, Garden III in 90 cases, Garden IV in 68 cases, 99 cases on the left and 96 cases on the right as well as 55 cases of hypertension, 39 cases of diabetes mellitus, 15 cases combined with arrhythmia, and 9 cases with cerebral infarction. The ultrasound was applied to position the femoral vessels, femoral nerve and then mark their lines in the hip, and then Kirschner wire was placed on the marker line. The fluoroscopic imaging of Kirschner wire on the femoral head was used to obtain the relative relationship between the two. Zones A, B, C, and D were divided according to the tangent line of the medial and lateral margins of the femoral head and the perpendicular line of the central point of the femoral head. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The femoral arteries, veins and femoral nerves of 129 cases (66%) were located in the Zone A, 38 cases (20%) in Zone B, 28 cases (14%) in Zone C, and 0 cases in Zone D. Most of the femoral vessel and femoral nerve lines were overlapped with the medial projection of the femoral head, partial vessel and nerve lines overlapped with the femoral head projection, and there was no lateral projection of the femoral head. (2) Most of the femoral vessel and femoral nerve projection was located in Zone A, i.e., at the medial side of the femoral head. There was no vessel and femoral nerve projection at the lateral side of the femoral head, that was, Zone D was an avascular nerve area, so the needle entry at this area was absolutely safe. For the cases of femoral vessels and femoral nerve at the medial side of the femoral head, it was safe to insert the Kirschner wire vertically to fix the femoral head. (3) For the femoral vessels and femoral nerves in Zones B and C, the needle needs to be inserted at an angle to avoid damaging the vessels and femoral nerves. 

Key words: femoral neck fracture, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral head, position, femoral nerve, ultrasound, Kirschner wire, fracture implants

中图分类号: