中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 5541-5548.doi: 10.12307/2026.342

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

导航下经皮微创椎弓根螺钉经伤椎与跨伤椎治疗胸腰椎骨折的稳定性对比

贾迎奥1,乔丽娜2,张  超1,梁嘉文1,薛  亮1,王  飞1   

  1. 延安大学附属医院,1脊柱外科,2病理科,陕西省延安市   716000
  • 接受日期:2025-05-24 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 王飞,博士,主任医师,延安大学附属医院脊柱外科,陕西省延安市 716000
  • 作者简介:贾迎奥,男,1999年生,陕西省丹凤县人,汉族,延安大学附属医院脊柱外科在读硕士,主要从事脊柱与关节外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    延安市科技计划项目(2024-CYL-029),项目负责人:王飞

Comparison of stability of percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw insertion in thoracolumbar fractures through and across the injured vertebra under navigation

Jia Yingao1, Qiao Lina2, Zhang Chao1, Liang Jiawen1, Xue Liang1, Wang Fei1   

  1. 1Department of Spine Surgery, 2Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China

  • Accepted:2025-05-24 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-03-05
  • Contact: Wang Fei, MD, Chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Jia Yingao, Master candidate, Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Yan'an Science and Technology Planning Project, No. 2024-CYL-029 (to WF)

摘要:

文题释义:

导航下经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定:是指在现代医学的导航技术辅助下,通过经皮穿刺的方式将椎弓根螺钉准确置入脊柱椎弓根内的一种手术操作方法。在该过程中,导航系统利用高精度的定位设备和影像技术,如CT扫描或三维重建等,实时监测手术器械的位置和运动轨迹,确保椎弓根螺钉能够精准地置入预定的目标位置。经皮途径则避免了传统开放性手术对肌肉和软组织的广泛剥离,显著减少了手术创伤,降低了术后疼痛和并发症的发生风险,同时能更好地保留脊柱的稳定性和生物力学结构。这种技术的应用使得脊柱外科手术更加精确、安全和有效,为患者的康复提供了更有利的条件。
经伤椎经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定:是指在脊柱手术中,通过经皮途径将椎弓根螺钉直接置入受伤的椎体(即伤椎),并且还置入到与伤椎相邻的上下椎体上,以此来进行固定的一种技术。这种方式利用椎弓根螺钉对伤椎提供强有力的支撑和固定,有助于恢复伤椎的高度、矫正脊柱的畸形。
跨伤椎经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定:是指在脊柱手术中,通过经皮途径将椎弓根螺钉跨越受伤的椎体(伤椎),固定在伤椎相邻的上下椎体上。跨伤椎固定能够分散应力,防止伤椎进一步塌陷或畸形发展,有助于促进伤椎的愈合和脊柱功能的恢复。

摘要
背景:近年来,随着骨科内固定器械的不断创新与发展,脊柱经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定系统在胸腰椎骨折治疗中得到广泛应用,已成为胸腰椎骨折的重要治疗方式之一。目前,关于开放椎弓根螺钉经伤椎与跨伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效对比研究已较为丰富,但导航辅助下经皮微创术式中两种固定方式的比较研究仍相对不足。
目的:对比经皮微创椎弓根螺钉经伤椎和跨伤椎治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。 
方法:回顾性分析2021年10月至2023年6月延安大学附属医院脊柱外科收治的无脊髓神经损伤的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者67 例,均在计算机导航辅助下进行经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗,随访至术后6个月。根据术中伤椎是否置钉分为经伤椎组和跨伤椎组,其中经伤椎组35例,跨伤椎组32例。对两组患者的一般资料、围术期资料以及术前术后伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎Cobb角、目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数等参数进行比较,从而对比经皮微创经伤椎固定和跨伤椎固定治疗无脊髓神经损伤胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。
结果与结论:①两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性;②组内比较:两组患者术后7 d、术后6个月的伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎Cobb角、目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均较术前显著改善(P < 0.05);③组间比较:跨伤椎组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术中透视次数显著少于经伤椎组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),而两组患者的住院天数无明显区别(P > 0.05);术后7 d、6个月两组之间伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎Cobb角、目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④提示对于无脊髓神经损伤的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者,与经伤椎固定相比,经皮微创椎弓根螺钉跨伤椎固定具有术中耗时短、出血少、手术切口小、透视次数少等优点;中短期随访期内,经皮微创经伤椎固定和跨伤椎固定均能有效恢复并维持伤椎高度、矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性并减轻疼痛,获得优良的临床效果;对于体质量指数在正常范围内、不合并脊髓神经损伤和后方韧带复合体损伤的 AO 分型A型的胸腰椎骨折患者,建议采用创伤更小的跨伤椎经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定。

关键词: 导航, 胸腰椎骨折, 经皮椎弓根螺钉, 经伤椎, 跨伤椎

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation systems have become a popular treatment option for thoracolumbar fractures due to ongoing innovation in orthopedic internal fixation devices. Currently, while many studies compare the effectiveness of open pedicle screw fixation through or across the fractured vertebra, fewer studies compare these two methods when using navigation-assisted percutaneous minimally invasive techniques. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture through and across the injured vertebra.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 67 patients with single level thoracolumbar fracture without spinal cord nerve injury who were treated in the Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University from October 2021 to June 2023. All of them were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with the assistance of computer navigation, and were followed up to 6 months after surgery. The injured vertebrae were divided into transinjured vertebrae group (n=35) and cross-injured vertebrae group (n=32) according to whether or not the injured vertebrae were nailed. The general data, perioperative data, anterior vertebral height ratio, Cobb angle, visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index of injured vertebra were compared before and after treatment between the two groups. Clinical efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous transvertebral fixation and transvertebral fixation in thoracolumbar fracture patients without spinal cord nerve injury was compared. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in preoperative general data between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating comparability. (2) Intra-group comparison: anterior vertebral height ratio, Cobb angle, visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index score of the injured vertebra were significantly improved 7 days and 6 months after surgery in both groups (P < 0.05). (3) Comparison between groups: The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and intraoperative fluoroscopy times in the transinjured vertebrae group were significantly lower than those in the cross-injured vertebrae group, respectively; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in hospitalization days between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in anterior vertebral height ratio, Cobb angle, visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index score between the two groups at 7 days and 6 months after surgery (P > 0.05). (4) It is suggested that for patients with single level thoracolumbar fracture without spinal cord nerve injury, minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screws across injured vertebrae have the advantages of shorter intraoperative time, less bleeding, smaller surgical incision, and low number of fluoroscopies than transinjured vertebrae. In short- and medium-term follow-up, both percutaneous minimally invasive transvertebral fixation and transvertebral fixation can effectively restore and maintain the height of the injured vertebra, correct kyphotic deformity, restore spinal stability and reduce pain, and obtain excellent clinical results. Less invasive transvertebral percutaneous fixation is recommended for patients with thoracolumbar fracture of AO type A with normal body mass index and no spinal nerve injury or posterior ligament complex injury.

Key words: navigation, thoracolumbar fracture, percutaneous pedicle screws, transinjured vertebrae, cross-injured vertebrae

中图分类号: