中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9365-9374.doi: 10.12307/2026.268

• 组织工程相关大数据分析 Big data analysis in tissue engineering • 上一篇    

代谢健康肥胖表型与慢性腰痛的流行病学关联:基于NHANES数据库横断面分析

叶仕成1,2,刘玉新1,2 ,曾  轩1,2 ,隋丽丽3,刘  姣2,陈雨婷2,曲崇正1,2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第三临床医学院,广东省广州市   510405;2广州中医药大学第三附属医院,广东省广州市   510378;3广州中医药大学第一临床医学院,广东省广州市   510405
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-04 修回日期:2025-12-10 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 曲崇正,博士,主任医师,广州中医药大学第三临床医学院,广东省广州市 510405;广州中医药大学第三附属医院,广东省广州市 510378
  • 作者简介:叶仕成,男,1997年生,江西省乐平市人,汉族,主治中医师,硕士在读,主要从事针灸推拿防治中医筋伤疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州中医药大学第三附属医院科研创新基金项目(Sy2023007),项目负责人:刘姣

Epidemiological association between metabolic health obesity phenotype and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional analysis based on the NHANES database

Ye Shicheng1, 2, Liu Yuxin1, 2, Zeng Xuan1, 2, Sui Lili3, Liu Jiao2, Chen Yuting2, Qu Chongzheng1, 2   

  1. 1Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510378, Guangdong Province, China; 3The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2025-12-10 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-30
  • Contact: Qu Chongzheng, MD, PhD, Chief physician, Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510378, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Ye Shicheng, MS candidate, Attending physician, Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510378, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Innovation Fund Project of Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. Sy2023007 (to LJ)

摘要:



文题释义:
代谢健康肥胖表型:这类人群常具有3个主要临床特征:内脏脂肪和异位脂肪的积累减少、胰岛素敏感性保留以及与代谢不健康型肥胖个体相比全身和脂肪组织炎症程度较低。
慢性腰痛:腰痛是指肌肉骨骼起源的疼痛,从最低的肋骨延伸至臀褶,有时可因躯体性疼痛而延伸至大腿 (膝盖以上)。腰痛症状持续超过12周的为慢性腰痛。

背景:相较于代谢不健康肥胖人群,代谢健康肥胖表型个体是否以及如何影响慢性腰痛的风险和病理进程目前尚不清楚,亟需研究明确其关联性及潜在机制。
目的:探究代谢健康肥胖表型与慢性腰痛的流行病学关联。
方法:基于美国国家健康与营养检查调查(NHANES)1999-2004年及2009-2010年4个调查周期数据(n=4 956),采用回顾性横断面研究设计,按照世界卫生组织标准,通过体质指数和腰围界定肥胖状态,联合代谢综合征核心指标(空腹血糖、血脂谱、血压等)进行代谢表型分层,确立代谢健康型肥胖与代谢不健康型肥胖分类体系。通过构建多因素校正Logistic回归模型与限制性立方样条曲线,系统评估代谢健康肥胖表型与慢性腰痛风险的非线性剂量-反应关系,最终建立多变量校正模型分层解析慢性腰痛风险,采用亚组分析、阈值效应分析及多重敏感性分析框架验证模型的稳健性。
结果与结论:①代谢不健康型肥胖显著增加慢性腰痛风险[体质量指数标准:OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.11,1.85),P=0.007 0;腰围标准:OR(95%CI)=1.57(1.25,1.97),P=0.000 3],吸烟[OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.24,1.67),P < 0.000 1]、关节炎[OR(95%CI)=2.44(2.06,2.88),P < 0.000 1]等共病因素显著放大代谢健康型肥胖对慢性腰痛的风险效应。体质量指数≥39.73 kg/m²和腰围≥125 cm为代谢不健康人群的慢性腰痛风险阈值。低教育水平、低收入、丧偶/离异或分居状态加重患慢性腰痛风险。在总人群和代谢不健康参与者中,体质量指数和慢性腰痛之间存在线性关系(P < 0.05)。在代谢健康参与者中,体质量指数和慢性腰痛之间的剂量-反应关系存在近似线性关系(P > 0.05);在总人群、代谢健康和代谢不健康参与者中,慢性腰痛之间的剂量-反应关系存在近似线性关系(P > 0.05)。②基于NHANES数据的横断面分析显示,代谢不健康型肥胖与慢性腰痛存在显著的正向独立关联,代谢健康型肥胖与慢性腰痛的关联强度较弱且不具统计学差异,表明代谢健康状况是影响肥胖人群慢性腰痛发生的重要关联因素。通过国际研究构建的代谢健康肥胖与慢性腰痛关联模型,为中国人群探索同类疾病的种族异质性及本土化机制(如亚洲特异性代谢阈值)提供了关键理论参照, 结果警示中国需关注代谢健康肥胖群体的腰痛风险,推动临床分型干预策略优化(如避免过度减重)并前瞻性防控肥胖相关肌骨疾病的公共卫生负担。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7211-2116 (叶仕成) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 代谢健康肥胖表型, 慢性腰痛, 全国健康与营养调查, 胰岛素抵抗, 社会决定因素

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, whether and how the metabolically healthy obesity phenotype influences the risk and pathological progression of chronic low back pain compared to metabolically unhealthy obese individuals remain unclear. Research is urgently needed to clarify their association and potential mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological association between the metabolically healthy obesity phenotype and chronic low back pain.
METHODS: Using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 and 2009-2010 (n=4 956), this retrospective cross-sectional study defined obesity status based on body mass index and waist circumference according to World Health Organization criteria. Metabolic phenotypes were stratified using core metabolic syndrome indicators (such as fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure), establishing classifications for metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. The adjusted multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were constructed to systematically evaluate the nonlinear dose-response relationship between metabolically healthy obesity phenotypes and chronic low back pain risk. An adjusted multivariable model was established to stratify chronic low back pain risk. Model robustness was validated through subgroup analysis, threshold effect analysis, and multiple sensitivity analysis frameworks.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Metabolically unhealthy obesity significantly increased the risk of chronic low back pain (body mass index standard: OR (95% CI): 1.44 (1.11, 1.85), P = 0.007 0; waist circumference standard: OR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.25, 1.97), P = 0.000 3), smoking (OR (95% CI): 1.44 (1.24, 1.67), P < 0.000 1), arthritis (OR (95% CI): 2.44 (2.06, 2.88), P < 0.000 1), and other comorbidities significantly amplified the risk effect of metabolically healthy obesity on chronic low back pain. Body mass index ≥ 39.73 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 125 cm served as risk thresholds for chronic low back pain in metabolically unhealthy individuals. Low education level and income, and widowed/divorced or separated status increased the risk of chronic low back pain. A linear relationship existed between body mass index and chronic low back pain in the total population and among metabolically unhealthy participants (P < 0.05). Among metabolically healthy participants, the dose-response relationship between body mass index and chronic low back pain exhibited an approximately linear relationship (P > 0.05). An approximately linear dose-response relationship was observed for chronic low back pain across the total population, metabolically healthy participants, and metabolically unhealthy participants (P > 0.05). (2) Cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES data revealed a significant positive independent association between metabolically unhealthy obesity and chronic low back pain. The association between metabolically healthy obesity and chronic low back pain was weak and not statistically significant, indicating that metabolic health status is an important confounding factor influencing the occurrence of chronic low back pain in obese populations. The association model between metabolically healthy obesity and chronic low back pain established through international research provides a critical theoretical reference for exploring racial heterogeneity and localized mechanisms (e.g., Asia-specific metabolic thresholds) in similar conditions among the Chinese population. The findings suggest that it is urgent to address low back pain risks among metabolically healthy obese populations, promote optimized clinical classification intervention strategies (e.g., avoiding excessive weight loss), and proactively prevent the public health burden of obesity-related musculoskeletal diseases in the Chinese population.


Key words: metabolically healthy obesity phenotype, chronic low back pain, China National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, insulin resistance, social determinants

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