中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (28): 7378-7387.doi: 10.12307/2026.823
• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇 下一篇
孙志远1,徐 凯2,田雪文1,商庆慧1
收稿日期:2025-10-15
修回日期:2025-12-16
出版日期:2026-10-08
发布日期:2026-02-24
通讯作者:
田雪文,博士,教授,山东体育学院山东省科学健身指导中心,山东省济南市 250102
通讯作者:商庆慧,博士,讲师,山东体育学院山东省科学健身指导中心,山东省济南市 250102
作者简介:孙志远,男,1996年生,山东省滨州市人,汉族,博士,讲师,主要从事运动促进健康方面的研究。
基金资助:Sun Zhiyuan1, Xu Kai2, Tian Xuewen1, Shang Qinghui1
Received:2025-10-15
Revised:2025-12-16
Online:2026-10-08
Published:2026-02-24
Contact:
Tian Xuewen, PhD, Professor, Shandong Scientific Fitness Guidance Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
Corresponding author: Shang Qinghui, PhD, Lecturer, Shandong Scientific Fitness Guidance Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
About author:Sun Zhiyuan, PhD, Lecturer, Shandong Scientific Fitness Guidance Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病:指从传统非酒精性脂肪性肝病中独立出来、以代谢紊乱为核心背景的肝脏疾病,病理特征为肝细胞脂肪过度沉积,严重时可进展为脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化乃至肝硬化。代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病具有显著异质性,如瘦型患者占比达7%-20%(2022年美国胃肠病学会数据),其虽体质量正常但因脂肪分布异常、脂解失调仍会出现肝内脂质蓄积,并且全因死亡风险高于非瘦型患者;同时受PNPLA3 I148M、TM6SF2 E167K等遗传变异调控,可独立驱动肝脂肪变性。
胰岛素抵抗:指机体组织细胞对胰岛素敏感性下降的病理状态。胰岛素抵抗主要通过两种途径导致肝内脂质异常沉积:一是激活肝脏新生脂肪生成,二是抑制脂肪酸氧化;同时可通过激活核因子κB炎症信号通路加剧肝细胞损伤,还能上调转化生长因子β信号通路促进肝纤维化。临床研究显示,携带PNPLA3 I148M变异的患者中,胰岛素抵抗指数与肝脂肪含量呈显著正相关,是推动疾病进展的关键驱动因素。
背景:近些年来,伴随研究体系的不断成熟,代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病在传统非酒精性脂肪性肝病一类中独立出来,其代谢紊乱背景和异质性疾病进展模式更新了学界对该类疾病的研究理解,而关于该类疾病的共性发生机制与个体间病理差异的关联还需通过系统研究进行深入阐释。
目的:综述代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病病理机制中普遍存在的共性通路(如胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激),深入探讨其异质性调控网络(如遗传变异、脂肪组织功能障碍),以此剖析两者的交互作用关系。
方法:系统检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库的中英文文献,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年6月发表的相关文献,聚焦代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的代谢紊乱共性机制、遗传/微环境异质性途径及临床表型分型,梳理领域相关文献并整合研究证据。
结果与结论:代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的病理机制围绕“共通路异质性调控动态相互作用”的核心展开。在常见的途径中,胰岛素抵抗是核心环节,它激活肝脏中新脂肪的产生、抑制脂肪酸氧化,并共同导致肝细胞中异常脂质沉积;激活核因子κB炎症通路加剧肝细胞损伤,上调转化生长因子β通路促进肝纤维化。氧化应激和氧化还原失衡、脂肪酸过度积累的协同作用会损害线粒体功能,增加活性氧的产生,破坏细胞结构,而失衡状态(如β-羟基丁酸酯/乙酰乙酸酯比值异常)会进一步加剧损伤并促进代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的进展。在异质性调节方面,PNPLA3 I148M抑制甘油三酯水解,TM6SF2 E167K减少极低密度脂蛋白前体分泌,独立驱动代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病、肝纤维化和癌症的风险;脂肪组织功能异常是瘦型代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的关键,导致异位脂肪沉积和脂联素水平降低;在3种代谢亚型中,A型心血管风险较低,而B/C型肝纤维化进展迅速。因此,遗传、代谢和环境之间的动态相互作用会影响疾病的发展轨迹,基于代谢亚型和遗传代谢风险评分的差异化干预可以为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病的精确风险分层和个性化治疗提供理论支持。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-9999(孙志远)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
孙志远, 徐 凯, 田雪文, 商庆慧. 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病:共性和异质性途径介导的病理机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(28): 7378-7387.
Sun Zhiyuan, Xu Kai, Tian Xuewen, Shang Qinghui. Metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease: pathological mechanisms mediated by common and heterogeneous pathways[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(28): 7378-7387.




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1.1.3 检索数据库 主要检索了Web of Science、
PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库。
1.1.4 检索路径 通过主题词、重要词相结合的方式进行检索,使用逻辑运算符“AND”和“OR”进行连接。
1.1.5 检索文献类型 原始研究、综述、Meta分析等。
1.1.6 检索词 中文检索词:代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病,MASLD,胰岛素抵抗,肝脏脂肪沉积,氧化应激,氧化还原失衡,PNPLA3,TM6SF2,脂肪组织功能障碍,瘦型 MASLD,代谢亚型,肝纤维化,从头脂肪生成;英文检索词:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,MASLD,insulin resistance,hepatic lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,redox imbalance,PNPLA3,TM6SF2,adipose tissue dysfunction, lean MASLD,metabolic subtypes,hepatic fibrosis,de novo lipogenesis。
1.1.7 检索策略 以中国知网与PubMed 数据库检索策略为例,见图2。
1.1.8 检索文献量 共检索相关文献2 587篇。
1.2 入选标准
纳入标准:①研究对象涵盖代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病患者、动物模型或细胞模型,包括共性机制(胰岛素抵抗、从头脂肪生成、氧化应激、氧化还原失衡)、异质性途径(patatin样磷脂酶域蛋白3/跨膜6超家族成员2变异、脂肪组织功能障碍、代谢亚型分型);②研究内容探讨代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病病理机制中的代谢调控、遗传-代谢交互作用或临床异质性;③研究类型为原始研究(含动物/细胞实验、临床队列)、系统综述或 Meta 分析,优先选择发表于近 5 年的文献;④文献语言为中文或英文,可获取全文且方法学严谨。
排除标准:①仅涉及传统非酒精性脂肪性肝病且未关联代谢功能障碍,或聚焦病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病等其他肝病;②未涉及代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病共性与异质性机制,仅探讨诊断或流行病学而无病理机制分析;③重复发表、会议、评论性文章或样本量小于20、未设对照的低质量研究;④无法获取全文或关键数据缺失,并且无法通过作者联系补充。
1.3 文献质量评估及数据提取 共检索到相关文献2 587篇,经EndNote去重、标题摘要筛选及全文评估后,最终纳入89篇文献进行综述。文献筛选流程图见图3。
该综述聚焦代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)病理机制研究的核心缺口,以“共性通路-异质性调控-动态交互”为核心框架,突破传统单因素分析局限,构建了系统性研究范式。明确以胰岛素抵抗为核心的共性机制(激活肝脏新生脂肪生成、抑制脂肪酸氧化)与氧化应激/氧化还原失衡的协同致病路径,同时首次系统整合PNPLA3 I148M、TM6SF2 E167K等关键遗传变异及脂肪组织功能障碍(如瘦型代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病患者脂肪分布异常)的异质性调控网络,填补非肥胖人群发病机制研究空白。剖析“遗传-代谢-环境”三重交互机制,如PNPLA3变异与高脂饮食、酒精暴露的协同效应,揭示 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病进展“高危模型”。强化临床转化价值,基于代谢亚型(A型/B型/C型)及遗传-代谢风险评分,提出差异化干预策略(如PNPLA3纯合子限糖、氧化失衡型用抗氧化剂),为 代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病 精准风险分层与个体化治疗提供理论支撑,对推动基础机制向临床实践转化具有重要意义。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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