中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1858-1868.doi: 10.12307/2026.117

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞分泌组:组织工程及干细胞治疗的新热点

刘星愉1,2,李丽洁1,2   

  1. 1内蒙古医科大学附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010050;2内蒙古医科大学口腔医学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010059
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01 修回日期:2025-06-20 接受日期:2025-07-03 出版日期:2026-03-08 发布日期:2025-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 李丽洁,硕士,主任医师,内蒙古医科大学附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010050;内蒙古医科大学口腔医学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059
  • 作者简介:刘星愉,女,2000年生,辽宁省铁岭市人,汉族,内蒙古医科大学在读硕士,主要从事儿童口腔医学研究。

Secretome of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth: a new hotspot in tissue engineering and stem cell therapy

Liu Xingyu1, 2, Li Lijie1, 2   

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2School of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 
  • Received:2025-03-01 Revised:2025-06-20 Accepted:2025-07-03 Online:2026-03-08 Published:2025-08-21
  • Contact: Li Lijie, MS, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; School of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Liu Xingyu, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; School of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

文题释义:

人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞:是早期外胚叶间充质组织头部的神经嵴细胞迁移衍生出的牙髓间充质干细胞,从儿童的脱落乳牙牙髓中分离出的具有单克隆能力、增殖能力、体内成骨等能力的多能干细胞,命名为人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞。
分泌组:是指间充质干细胞来源的生物活性物质,如细胞因子、趋化因子、营养因子等成分和细胞外囊泡。

摘要
背景:人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞具有较强的增殖和分化潜能,且具有较少的伦理争议和免疫排斥等优点,逐渐成为干细胞领域的研究热点。
目的:总结近年来关于人乳牙牙髓干细胞分泌组的研究进展,探究其发挥治疗作用的分子机制,分析当前面临的问题并展望未来发展方向。
方法:选择CNKI、PubMed 数据库,中文检索词为“人脱落乳牙髓干细胞,间充质干细胞,分泌组,外泌体,条件培养基”;英文检索词为“stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth,mesenchymal stem cells,secretome,exosome,conditioned medium”,初检获得文献642篇,选择近5年内的最新研究文献,以及近 10 年内影响因子超过5分的相关文献,由全体作者共同对检索文献进行评估,排除重复内容以及内容陈旧、相关性差的文献569篇,最终纳入73篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞因具备独特的生物学特性,近年来已成为组织工程与再生医学领域的重要研究对象。这类干细胞源自儿童生理性脱落的乳牙牙髓组织,具有多向分化潜能(如成骨、成神经、成血管等)、来源广泛且伦理争议小等显著优势。研究表明,人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞不仅表现出比骨髓间充质干细胞更强的增殖能力,其免疫调节特性和低免疫原性更使它在骨组织修复、神经再生、牙周组织重建等领域展现出独特的临床应用价值。随着再生医学研究范式的转变,无细胞治疗策略的兴起为人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞的应用开辟了新方向。无细胞治疗策略通过提取人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞分泌组——包含外泌体、细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子等多种生物活性物质的功能性组分,规避了传统活细胞移植中可能存在的细胞存活率低、免疫排斥反应及潜在致瘤性等风险。研究发现,人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞分泌组可通过旁分泌机制介导血管生成、免疫调节、抗炎及抗凋亡等多重生物学效应,在肝损伤修复、心肌缺血治疗、骨缺损再生等动物模型中已展现出显著疗效。当前研究热点聚焦于通过工程化技术解析人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞分泌组的分子组成,构建具有时空可控性的无细胞治疗体系。人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞分泌组有望在精准医学框架下实现标准化生产与质量控制,为退行性疾病治疗和创伤修复提供创新解决方案。

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8593-9087 (刘星愉) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 人脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞, 分泌组, 条件培养基, 无细胞疗法, 再生医学, 细胞工程化

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have strong proliferation and differentiation potential, which have the advantages of less ethical controversy and immune rejection, so they have gradually become a current research focus in the field of stem cells.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of the secretome of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in recent years, explore the molecular mechanism of its therapeutic effect, analyze the present issue and look forward to the future development direction.
METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were selected to search for the keywords of “stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, mesenchymal stem cells, secretome, exosome, conditioned medium” in Chinese and English. 642 articles were obtained in the initial examination, and the latest articles in the past 5 years and those with an impact factor of more than 5 points in the past 10 years were selected. All the authors jointly evaluated the retrieved articles and excluded 569 articles with duplicate content and obsolete content with poor correlation, and finally included 73 articles for review.
RESULTS CONCLUSION: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth have emerged as a crucial research object in the domain of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in recent years, attributed to their distinctive biological characteristics. These stem cells originate from the dental pulp tissue of children's physiologically shed deciduous teeth and boast remarkable advantages such as multi-lineage differentiation potential (e.g., osteogenic, neurogenic, and angiogenic), extensive sources, and negligible ethical disputes. Researches indicate that stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth not only demonstrate stronger proliferative capacity than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells but also exhibit immunomodulatory properties and low immunogenicity, which enables them to showcase unique clinical application values in areas such as bone tissue repair, nerve regeneration, and periodontal tissue reconstruction. Alongside the transformation of the research paradigm in regenerative medicine, the advent of cell-free therapy strategies has paved new avenues for the application of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. This strategy involves extracting the secretome of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth – a functional component encompassing various bioactive substances such as exosomes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors – circumventing the risks that might exist in traditional live cell transplantation, including low cell survival rate, immune rejection, and potential tumorigenicity. Findings reveal that the secretome from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth can mediate multiple biological effects such as angiogenesis, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis through paracrine mechanisms and has manifested remarkable therapeutic efficacy in animal models of liver injury repair, myocardial ischemia treatment, and bone defect regeneration. The current research hotspots center on analyzing the molecular composition of the secretome from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth through engineering techniques and constructing a cell-free therapy system with spatiotemporal controllability. The secretome from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth is anticipated to achieve standardized production and quality control within the framework of precision medicine, offering innovative solutions for the treatment of degenerative diseases and trauma repair. 

Key words: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, secretome, conditioned medium, cell-free therapy, regenerative medicine, cell engineering

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