中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (31): 5070-5077.doi: 10.12307/2024.714

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

非编码RNA和外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病发生机制中的作用及早期诊断价值

胡玲莉1,李  娜2,李京阳1,张二云3,陈  钰4,顾  颖4   

  1. 1南京医科大学,江苏省南京市   211166;2无锡市妇幼保健院优生优育遗传医学研究所,江苏省无锡市   214000;3江南大学,江苏省无锡市   214000;4南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院,无锡市妇幼保健院,江苏省无锡市   214000
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-11 接受日期:2023-10-14 出版日期:2024-11-08 发布日期:2024-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 顾颖,硕士,主任医师,南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院,无锡市妇幼保健院,江苏省无锡市 214000
  • 作者简介:胡玲莉,女,1998年生,安徽省萧县人,汉族,南京医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    2021年度江苏省妇幼健康科研项目(F202107),项目负责人:顾颖;无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(M202217),项目负
    责人:顾颖;无锡市卫生健康委青年项目(Q202104),项目负责人:李娜

Role of non-coding RNA and exosomes in pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and their early diagnostic value

Hu Lingli1, Li Na2, Li Jingyang1, Zhang Eryun3, Chen Yu4, Gu Ying4   

  1. 1Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China; 4Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-09-11 Accepted:2023-10-14 Online:2024-11-08 Published:2024-01-23
  • Contact: Gu Ying, Master, Chief physician, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Hu Lingli, Master candidate, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2021 Maternal and Child Health Research Project of Jiangsu Province, No. F202107 (to GY); Research Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission, No. M202217 (to GY); Youth Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission, No. Q202104 (to LN)

摘要:


文题释义:

妊娠期糖尿病:妊娠期间首次发生或者确诊的糖耐量异常状态,其主要临床表现是糖代谢紊乱的一种内分泌代谢性疾病,妊娠期糖尿病的发生与肥胖、2型糖尿病、高龄产妇以及糖尿病家族史等因素相关。目前妊娠期糖尿病的筛查和诊断方法是在孕24-28周时进行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验:空腹血糖水平,口服葡萄糖后1 h和2 h,分别为5.1,10.0和8.5 mmol/L,如果这3个值中的任何一个达到或超过边界水平,患者应被诊断为妊娠期糖尿病。
外泌体:是一种小型的细胞外囊泡,由细胞分泌并释放到体液中。外泌体的膜结构是具有特征性和细胞特异性膜蛋白的脂质双分子层,其内容物包括蛋白质 (如膜蛋白、胞浆和核蛋白、细胞外基质蛋白)、核酸 (如DNA,mRNA)、脂质和代谢物。此外,外泌体膜表面可表达不同的受体。


背景:近几年有很多关于外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病发生机制的研究,但缺乏不同来源尤其是胎盘来源外泌体的最新系统综述。

目的:文章对微小RNA、长链非编码RNA 和环状RNA以及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病中的变化情况及对疾病发生发展的可能作用进行综述,为临床妊娠期糖尿病的早期筛查与治疗提供潜在靶标。
方法:从PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据及维普数据库进行非编码RNA或外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病相关文献进行检索,最终纳入74篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①非编码RNA通过调节各种生理功能参与了妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展,为妊娠期糖尿病的研究提供了新的方向。②外泌体在人体中广泛存在,红细胞、上皮细胞和胎盘细胞等均可分泌外泌体,这些不同来源外泌体中的非编码RNA被证明可以在妊娠期糖尿病的发病机制、诊断以及治疗方法中发挥一定的作用。③微小RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血微小RNA在妊娠期糖尿病中的作用主要是影响滋养层细胞、胰腺β细胞功能以及妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平;胎盘微小RNA可反映妊娠期糖尿病的严重程度,并损伤滋养层细胞的功能。④长链非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血长链非编码RNA可以通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B通路诱导胰岛素抵抗并且有可能为妊娠期糖尿病的诊断与治疗提供新的思路;胎盘长链非编码RNA可以调控妊娠期糖尿病胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移,促进妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑤环状RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血和胎盘环状RNA可通过损伤胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移与代谢等功能诱导糖尿病的发生发展。⑥外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血外泌体非编码RNA可影响妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平和葡萄糖稳态,通过影响胎盘功能参与妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑦非编码RNA有潜力成为妊娠期糖尿病早期诊断的标志物,此外工程化的外泌体能更好地实现妊娠期糖尿病的靶向治疗等,这些最新信息为妊娠期糖尿病的基础研究和临床转化提供了参考依据。⑧未来还需改进外周血外泌体的提取和纯化方法,并排除种族、饮食和体力活动等因素以提高结果的可重复性,而循环非编码RNA及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病的预测和诊断中的临床应用还需要更多的前瞻性临床研究。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2306-1493 (胡玲莉);https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3109-7848 (顾颖) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 外泌体, 微小RNA, 长非编码RNA, 环状RNA, 胎盘, 外周血, 胰腺β细胞, 滋养层细胞

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, there have been many studies on the mechanism of exosomal non-coding RNA in gestational diabetes mellitus, but there is a lack of the latest systematic review of exosomes from different sources, especially placental sources. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the changes and potential roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and exosomes in gestational diabetes mellitus to provide potential targets for early screening and treatment of clinical gestational diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and VIP databases to retrieve relevant articles on non-coding RNA or exosomal non-coding RNA in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus. A total of 74 articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Non-coding RNAs play important pathological and physiological roles in the lifecycle activities, and increasing evidences suggest that non-coding RNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by regulating various physiological functions. This provides a new direction for the research of gestational diabetes mellitus. (2) Exosomes are widely present in the human body. Various cells can secrete exosomes, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and placental cells. Non-coding RNAs found in exosomes from different sources have been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. (3) MiRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of peripheral blood miRNA in gestational diabetes mellitus is mainly to affect the functions of trophoblast cells, pancreatic beta cells and blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes mellitus; placental miRNA can reflect the severity of gestational diabetes and impair the function of trophoblast cells. (4) LncRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus: Peripheral blood lncRNA can induce insulin resistance through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus; placental lncRNA can regulate proliferation and migration of placental trophoblast cells, promoting the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus. (5) CircRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus: Peripheral blood and placental circRNA can induce the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by impairing the proliferation, migration and metabolism of placental trophoblast cells. (6) Non-coding RNA in exosomes and gestational diabetes mellitus: Peripheral blood non-coding RNA in exosomes can affect gestational diabetes mellitus blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis, and participate in the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by influencing placental function. (7) Non-coding RNA has the potential to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Additionally, engineered exosomes can better achieve targeted therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus. These latest findings provide a reference for both basic research and clinical translation of gestational diabetes mellitus. (8) In the future, improvements in the extraction and purification methods of peripheral blood exosomes should be improved, and factors such as race, diet and physical activity should be excluded to improve the reproducibility of results. Further prospective clinical studies are required to explore the clinical application of circulating non-coding RNA and exosomes in the prediction and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Key words: gestational diabetes mellitus, exosome, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, placenta, peripheral blood, pancreatic β cell, trophoblast cell

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