中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (31): 5063-5069.doi: 10.12307/2024.723

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体微小RNA与骨关节疾病:作用与机制

袁  平1,王志华1,王伟舟2,王文通1,何  飞3   

  1. 昆明医科大学第一附属医院,1创伤中心,2骨科,云南省昆明市   650032;3昆明医科大学附属曲靖医院骨科,云南省曲靖市   655099
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-06 接受日期:2023-11-01 出版日期:2024-11-08 发布日期:2024-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 何飞,博士,主任医师,昆明医科大学附属曲靖医院骨科,云南省曲靖市 655099
  • 作者简介:袁平,男,1997年生,云南省曲靖市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事脊柱侧弯、外泌体miRNA及生物材料(水凝胶)相关的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(82160417),项目负责人:何飞;云南省应用基础研究(昆医联合专项重点项目)(202101AY070001-013),项目负责人:何飞;云岭产业技术领军人才(YLXL20170046),项目负责人:何飞

Exosome-derived microRNA with bone and joint diseases: role and mechanism

Yuan Ping1, Wang Zhihua1, Wang Weizhou2, Wang Wentong1, He Fei3   

  1. 1Trauma Center, 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655099, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2023-09-06 Accepted:2023-11-01 Online:2024-11-08 Published:2024-01-23
  • Contact: He Fei, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655099, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Yuan Ping, Master candidate, Trauma Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Project), No. 82160417 (to HF); Applied Basic Research in Yunnan Province (Key Project of Kunming Medical University Joint Project), No. 202101AY070001-013 (to HF); Cloud-Ridge Industry Technology Leader Grant, No. YLXL20170046 (to HF)

摘要:


文题释义:

外泌体微小RNA:是一种由约22个核苷酸组成的单链非编码RNA,可以在外泌体的运输作用下转移至近端或者远端的靶细胞,与靶细胞内mRNA相互作用来调节转录后基因的表达,进而调控靶细胞的生物活动,发挥细胞间信息传递的作用。
骨关节疾病:为骨骼或关节发生的原发性和继发性疾病,又分为局部疾病和全身疾病。局部疾病如关节退变、骨折、各关节疾病以及骨肿瘤等,全身性疾病如骨质疏松、风湿性关节炎等一些骨代谢性疾病。


背景:外泌体是一种细胞以胞吐形式分泌到胞外的囊泡状结构,其中包含了大量的微小RNA,具有重要的细胞间通讯作用。外泌体中的微小RNA依靠外泌体运输,能够进入靶细胞发挥重要的生物学调控效应。在常见的骨关节疾病中,由于骨骼代谢异常或受损会释放大量的外泌体,其中一些外泌体微小RNA促进骨关节疾病的进展。因此,外泌体微小RNA与骨骼系统关系密切,对许多骨关节疾病的发生发展以及诊疗都具有重要意义。

目的:综述外泌体微小RNA在骨代谢和骨关节疾病中的研究进展。
方法:以“外泌体,细胞外囊泡,微小RNA,miRNA,骨,骨疾病,骨形成,骨再生,骨吸收,骨破坏”为中文检索词,“exosomes,extracellular vesicle,microRNA,miRNA,bone,bone diseases,bone formation,bone regeneration,bone resorption,bone destruction”为英文检索词,在中国知网、迈特思创和PubMed数据库进行检索,最终纳入86篇文献进行归纳总结。

结果与结论:外泌体中的微小RNA可以通过影响骨形成和骨吸收调控骨代谢,并且与骨折愈合、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、股骨头坏死和骨肉瘤等骨关节疾病的发生发展关系密切,外泌体微小RNA将是未来诊治某些骨关节疾病的有效手段。但目前关于外泌体微小RNA在骨关节疾病中的研究有限,想要利用外泌体微小RNA诊断治疗骨关节疾病仍然需要更多的探索和研究。

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8148-9918 (袁平) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 微小RNA, 骨关节疾病, 骨形成, 骨吸收, 骨折, 骨质疏松, 关节炎, 股骨头坏死, 骨肉瘤

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes are vesicle-like structures secreted by cells into extracellular compartments in the form of cytosol, which contain a large amount of microRNAs with important intercellular communication roles. MicroRNAs in exosomes rely on exosome transport and are able to enter target cells to exert important biological regulatory effects. In common bone and joint diseases, abnormal or damaged bone metabolism releases a large number of exosomes, while some exosome-derived microRNAs also promote the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, exosome-derived microRNAs are closely related to the skeletal system and are important for the development as well as diagnosis and treatment of many osteoarticular diseases. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of exosome-derived microRNAs in bone metabolism and bone and joint diseases.
METHODS: Using “exosomes, extracellular vesicle, microRNA, miRNA, bone, bone diseases, bone formation, bone regeneration, bone resorption, bone destruction” as Chinese and English search terms, articles were searched on CNKI, Metasys, and PubMed databases. Finally, 86 articles were included for summarization. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosome-derived microRNAs can regulate bone metabolism by affecting bone formation and bone resorption, and are closely related to the development of bone and joint diseases such as fracture healing, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and osteosarcoma. Exosome-derived microRNAs will be an effective means of diagnosis and treatment of certain bone and joint diseases in the future. However, the current research on exosome-derived microRNAs in osteoarthritic diseases is limited, and more explorations and researches are still needed to diagnose and treat osteoarthritic diseases using exosome-derived microRNAs.

Key words: exosome, microRNA, bone and joint diseases, bone formation, bone resorption, fracture, osteoporosis, arthritis, femoral head necrosis, osteosarcoma 

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