中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (36): 5741-5746.doi: 10.12307/2024.679

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics •    下一篇

椎体强化术后恢复高度对邻近椎体的影响:一项有限元分析

商  鹏1,崔伦旭1,马奔原1,侯光辉1,宋万振1,刘艳成2   

  1. 1河北工业大学,机械工程学院,天津市   300401;2天津市天津医院骨科,天津市   300211
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-21 接受日期:2023-11-01 出版日期:2024-12-28 发布日期:2024-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘艳成,博士,副主任医师,天津市天津医院骨科,天津市 300211
  • 作者简介:商鹏,女,天津市人,汉族,2008年天津大学毕业,博士,副教授,主要从事骨植入物、精密加工研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吴阶平医学基金会项目(320.6750.2022-18-49),项目负责人:刘艳成;北京医卫健康公益基金会项目(B20371FN),项目负责人:刘艳成;河北省教育厅科学研究项目(ZD2020124),项目负责人:商鹏;河北省自然科学基金面上项目(E2022202164),项目负责人:商鹏

Effect of restored height on neighboring vertebrae after vertebral body strengthening: a finite element analysis

Shang Peng1, Cui Lunxu1, Ma Benyuan1, Hou Guanghui1, Song Wanzhen1, Liu Yancheng2   

  1. 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2023-08-21 Accepted:2023-11-01 Online:2024-12-28 Published:2024-02-27
  • Contact: Liu Yancheng, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Shang Peng, MD, Associate professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
  • Supported by:
    Wu Jieping Medical Foundation Project, No. 320.6750.2022-18-49 (to LYC); Beijing Medical and Health Public Welfare Foundation Project, No. B20371FN (to LYC); Science Research Project of Education Department of Hebei Province, No. ZD2020124 (to SP); Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (General Project), No. E2022202164 (to SP)

摘要:


文题释义:

椎体强化术:包括经皮椎体成形和经皮椎体后凸成形,现在被广泛应用于治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,可以快速缓解疼痛、恢复患者的正常生活、减少卧床时间、提高生活质量。
有限元分析:是一种数值计算方法,用于解决工程和物理上的一些问题。它会将一个连续的复杂结构转变成一个个通过节点相连的几何单元,然后使用数学模型和近似方法来对这些单元进行建模,从而得出系统的行为和性能。


背景:椎体压缩骨折是当前骨科领域中常见的疾病,椎体强化术后邻近椎体发生再骨折是一个不可忽视的问题,这对患者的正常生活产生了严重的影响。

目的:旨在利用CT图像,建立不同恢复高度的椎体强化后模型。采用有限元分析的方法得出不同恢复高度下邻近椎体的应力情况,并进一步探讨椎体强化术后伤椎高度恢复的重要性。
方法:建立并验证了胸腰椎(T11-L3)有限元模型,并在此基础上构建了4种不同恢复高度(100%,80%,60%,40%)的L1术后有限元模型,其中骨水泥容量随着恢复高度的变化而变化。具体模型如下:Model 1为正常恢复高度的术后模型,骨水泥容量为8.3 mL;Model 2为L1前部高度切除20%,后凸角变为10.41°的术后模型,骨水泥容量为6.9 mL;Model 3为L1前部高度切除40%,后凸角变为20.17°的术后模型,骨水泥容量为4.7 mL;Model 4为L1前部高度切除60%,后凸角变为28.85°的术后模型,骨水泥容量为3.6 mL。对术后模型进行评估时,施加了  7 Nm的力矩和500 N的轴向力,记录并分析L2上终板和T12下终板的峰值应力,以及L2和T12松质骨的峰值应力。

结果与结论:①L2上终板、T12下终板、L2松质骨、T12松质骨各工况的最高峰值应力都出现在Model 1和Model 4,特别是T12下终板(除后伸工况外),前屈、左右侧弯和左右旋转工况都在Model 4达到了最高峰值应力,应力分别为50.3,33.1,44.9,34.3,31.9 MPa;②根据邻近椎体终板和松质骨的峰值应力,排除Model 1和Model 4两个模型后,大部分工况的最小峰值应力都是出现在Model 2模型上,且Model 2模型出现最小峰值应力的情况占据了66.6%,尤其是在L2的上终板和松质骨(除后伸工况外),最小峰值应力都是出现在了Mode 2上;③因此将恢复高度控制在原高度的100%和40%左右是比较危险的恢复高度,对邻近椎体的影响较大;将恢复高度控制在原高度的80%左右可能是一个较为理想的选择;恢复高度在原高度的80%左右,邻近椎体所承受的应力较小,从而减小了患者发生邻近椎体再骨折的风险。

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2323-3624 (商鹏) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折, 胸椎, 腰椎, 椎体强化, 椎体恢复高度, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vertebral compression fracture is a common disease in the current orthopedic field. However, the occurrence of re-fracture in neighboring vertebrae after surgery is a problem that cannot be ignored, which has a serious impact on the normal life of patients. 
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to establish four postoperative models with different recovery heights using computed tomography images. By using finite element analysis, we derived the stresses on the neighboring vertebrae at different recovery heights and further explored the importance of postoperative recovery of the height of the injured vertebrae.
METHODS: A finite element model of the thoracolumbar spine (T11-L3) was established and validated, on the basis of which four postoperative finite element models of L1 with different recovery heights of 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% were constructed, in which the cement capacity varied with the recovery height. The specific models are as follows: Model 1 was the postoperative model with normal recovery height, and the cement capacity was 8.3 mL. Model 2 was the postoperative model in which 20% of the anterior height of the L1 was removed and the posterior convexity angle became 10.41°, and the cement capacity was 6.9 mL. Model 3 was the postoperative model in which 40% of the anterior height of the L1 was removed and the posterior convexity angle became 20.17°, and the cement capacity was 4.7 mL. Model 4 was a postoperative model with 60% of the L1 anterior height removed and the posterior convexity angle changed to 28.85°, with a cement capacity of 3.6 mL. For evaluation of the postoperative model, we applied a moment of 7 Nm and an axial force of 500 N. The followings were recorded and analyzed: peak stresses in the L2 upper endplate and T12 lower endplate; peak stresses in the L2 and T12 cancellous bone. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The highest peak stresses for each condition of the L2 upper endplate, T12 lower endplate, L2 cancellous bone, and T12 cancellous bone occurred in Model 1 and Model 4. In particular, the T12 lower endplate, except for the posterior extension condition, the anterior flexion, left and right lateral bending, and left and right rotation conditions all reached their highest peak stresses in Model 4, with stresses of 50.3, 33.1, 44.9, 34.3, and 31.9 MPa. (2) Based on the peak stresses in the adjacent vertebral endplates and cancellous bone, after excluding Model 1 and Model 4, the minimum peak stresses for most of the conditions appeared in the Model 2, and the minimum peak stresses appeared in the Model 2 in 66.6% of the cases, especially in the upper endplates of the L2 and cancellous bone except for the posterior extension condition, the minimum peak stresses all appeared on the Model 2. (3) Therefore, controlling the recovery height at about 100% and 40% of the original height was a dangerous recovery height, which had a greater impact on the neighboring vertebrae. Controlling the recovery height at about 80% of the original height may be a more ideal choice. With a recovery height of about 80% of the original height, the adjacent vertebrae are subjected to less stress, thus reducing the risk of re-fracture of the adjacent vertebrae in the patient.

Key words: osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, vertebral body strengthening, vertebral body recovery height, finite element analysis

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