中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (16): 2619-2624.doi: 10.12307/2024.337

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

转化生长因子β/Smad信号通路与瘢痕疙瘩的靶向治疗

姚思琦,黎文正,汪  虹   

  1. 昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤外科,云南省昆明市  650101
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-09 接受日期:2023-06-05 出版日期:2024-06-08 发布日期:2023-07-31
  • 通讯作者: 汪虹,硕士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤科,云南省烧伤研究所,云南省昆明市 650101
  • 作者简介:姚思琦,女,1997年生,浙江省嘉兴市人,昆明医科大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事瘢痕疙瘩、慢性创面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    云南省“高层次人才培养支持计划项目”(YNWR-MY-2020-047),项目负责人:汪虹;昆明医科大学研究生创新基金项目(2023S326),项目负责人:姚思琦

Transforming growth factor beta/Smad signaling pathway and targeted therapy of keloid scars

Yao Siqi, Li Wenzheng, Wang Hong   

  1. Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-09 Accepted:2023-06-05 Online:2024-06-08 Published:2023-07-31
  • Contact: Wang Hong, Master, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Yao Siqi, Master candidate, Department of Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Yunnan Provincial High-level Talent Training Support Program, No. YNWR-MY-2020-047 (to WH); the Postgraduate Innovation Fund of Kunming Medical University, No. 2023S326 (to YSQ)

摘要:


文题释义:

TGF-β/Smad信号通路:该信号通路在机体中参与了许多细胞过程,包括细胞生长、分化和凋亡,转化生长因子β(TGF-β)是一种在伤口愈合过程中普遍表达的细胞因子,更是一种具有代表性的促纤维化细胞因子,在调节炎症、伤口愈合和组织重塑中起着至关重要的作用,尤其与瘢痕疙瘩的形成密切相关。
瘢痕疙瘩:皮肤受损愈合后形成的过度生长的异常瘢痕组织,病变超过原始皮肤伤口范围,呈持续性生长,常表现为凸起于皮肤表面、质地硬的条索状或片状肿块。


背景:关于瘢痕疙瘩的发病机制目前尚不完全清楚。近年来瘢痕疙瘩涉及的发病机制有一些新的研究进展,包括转化生长因子β (transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)/Smad信号通路、缺血缺氧、缺氧诱导因子1(HIF-1)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路等。TGF-β/Smad通路目前研究较为清晰,TGF-β/Smad通路的激活促进瘢痕疙瘩的发展。

目的:对TGF-β/Smad信号通路进行综述并评估以该通路为靶点的主要治疗策略,以期有助于临床拓展更有效的治疗方式。
方法:用计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库等英文数据库及中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台等中文数据库,检索从2017年1月至2023年4月发表的文献,英文检索词为“Keloid,Fibroblasts,TGF-β/Smad,Extracellular Matrix,Collagen,Treatment Measures”,中文检索词为“瘢痕疙瘩,成纤维细胞,转化生长因子β/Smad,细胞外基质,胶原,治疗措施”。根据纳入和排除标准最终纳入72 篇文献进行结果分析。

结果与结论:①总结了TGF-β/Smad信号通路在瘢痕疙瘩发生发展中的作用机制:TGF-β1和TGF-β2在瘢痕疙瘩中呈现过表达状态,而TGF-β3表现出抗纤维化作用;Smad2/3与Smad1/5/8同Smad4结合形成复合物进入细胞核发挥纤维化作用,而Smad6/7呈现抑制瘢痕疙瘩增生的作用;②TGF-β/Smad通路目前在瘢痕疙瘩中的研究最为清晰,列举了多条通过靶向抑制该通路激活的途径,可较大程度达到抑制瘢痕疙瘩发生发展的目的;③瘢痕疙瘩目前还未有单一的临床金标准治疗方式,单靠抑制TGF-β/Smad通路还不能完全抑制瘢痕疙瘩的发展,还需要综合考虑全身各个系统之间同瘢痕疙瘩的联系。尽管已经在纤维化级联反应中发现了很多有希望的靶点,但在临床中还需要更多研究来转化为靶向治疗。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8559-796X(姚思琦)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 瘢痕疙瘩, 成纤维细胞, TGF-β/Smad, 细胞外基质, 胶原蛋白, 治疗措施

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are many studies focusing on keloid scars, but the pathogenesis is not fully understood. In recent years, there have been some new research advances in the pathogenesis of keloids, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, ischemic hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The TGF-β/Smad pathway is now more clearly studied, and activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway promotes the development of keloid scars.
OBJECTIVE: To review the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and evaluate the main therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, with the aim of contributing to the development of more effective clinical treatments.
METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched by computer for relevant literature published from January 2017 to April 2023 with the search terms of “keloid, fibroblasts, TGF-β/Smad, extracellular matrix, collagen, treatment measures” in English and Chinese. Seventy-two articles were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of keloids is summarized: TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 are overexpressed in keloids, while TGF-β3 shows antifibrotic effects. Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8 are combined with Smad4 to form a complex that enters the nucleus and plays a fibrotic role, while Smad6/7 can inhibit keloid hyperplasia. The TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is currently the most clearly studied pathway in keloids, and there are many pathways targeted to inhibit the activation of this pathway, which can inhibit the occurrence and development of keloids to a greater extent. Currently, there is no single clinical gold standard treatment for keloids, and inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad pathway alone cannot completely inhibit the development of keloids. A comprehensive consideration of the association between all systemic systems and keloids is needed. Although many promising targets have been identified in the fibrosis cascade, more research is needed to translate this into targeted therapies in the clinic.

Key words: keloid, fibroblast, TGF-β/Smad, extracellular matrix, collagen, treatment measure

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