中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (25): 3981-3987.doi: 10.12307/2024.171

• 干细胞外泌体及囊泡Stem cell exosomes and vesicles • 上一篇    下一篇

干细胞来源与组织来源小细胞外囊泡诱导脂肪新生的比较

杨宝华,周晓洁,敬  伟,田卫东,于  湄   

  1. 四川大学华西口腔医(学)院,口腔再生医学国家地方联合工程实验室,四川省成都市   610041
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-13 接受日期:2023-06-21 出版日期:2024-09-08 发布日期:2023-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 于湄,博士,副教授,四川大学华西口腔医(学)院,口腔再生医学国家地方联合工程实验室,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:杨宝华,女,1997 年生,广东省揭阳市人,汉族,四川大学华西口腔医学院在读硕士,主要从事干细胞与再生医学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2019YFS0312),项目负责人:于湄;国家自然科学基金(81971319),项目负责人:敬伟;国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U21A20369),项目负责人:田卫东

Comparison of small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells and tissue on de novo adipose regeneration

Yang Baohua, Zhou Xiaojie, Jing Wei, Tian Weidong, Yu Mei   

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2023-05-13 Accepted:2023-06-21 Online:2024-09-08 Published:2023-11-23
  • Contact: Yu Mei, PhD, Associate professor, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Yang Baohua, Master candidate, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    Key Technology Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province, No. 2019YFS0312 (to YM); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81971319 (to JW); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund), No. U21A20369 (to TWD)

摘要:


文题释义:

小细胞外囊泡:胞外囊泡是一类可以由各种不同类型细胞分泌的具有双层脂质膜的不可复制的颗粒总称。根据囊泡粒径大小分为大细胞外囊泡(粒径大于200 nm)和小细胞外囊泡(粒径小于200 nm)。目前广为关注的外泌体属于小细胞外囊泡,携带多种内容物,如蛋白质、脂质、DNA、RNA等,是细胞间交流的重要信使。
脂肪新生:是指在没有脂肪组织的部位重新形成具有成熟脂肪细胞的组织形态,如小鼠皮下植入充填了Matrigel和胞外囊泡的无细胞硅胶管,硅胶管内形成脂肪组织即为脂肪新生。


背景:再生医学近几十年的发展,使胞外囊泡诱导脂肪组织再生成为修复软组织缺损的可行方法。但由于实验模型不同以及胞外囊泡使用剂量不同,目前仍无法对不同来源胞外囊泡在脂肪再生中的应用效果进行定量比较。

目的:比较干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡与组织来源小细胞外囊泡在体内诱导脂肪新生的效果。
方法:采用超速离心法提取脂肪干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡和脂肪组织来源小细胞外囊泡,采用纳米颗粒跟踪分析、透射电镜和Western blot鉴定比较2种小细胞外囊泡的数量、粒径、形态和标志蛋白表达;使用定制硅胶管建立C57小鼠皮下脂肪新生定量评估模型,通过细胞计数和苏木精-伊红染色比较2种小细胞外囊泡体内促进脂肪组织新生的效果。

结果与结论:①通过超速离心法提取2种小细胞外囊泡,粒径均位于50-200 nm之间,在透射电镜下均为典型的圆形,均表达小细胞外囊泡的特征性蛋白CD81、CD63、TSG101;②使用定制硅胶管,将等粒子数小细胞外囊泡与Matrigel凝胶混合于硅胶管中植入小鼠背部皮下,建立小鼠体内无细胞、可定量的脂肪新生模型;③植入后3,7 d,硅胶管内容物苏木精-伊红染色和细胞计数显示,加入了小细胞外囊泡的2组都比空白对照组募集到更多的宿主细胞,且脂肪组织来源小细胞外囊泡组优于脂肪干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡组;④体内植入4周的硅胶管内容物苏木精-伊红染色显示,小细胞外囊泡促进脂肪新生,且脂肪组织来源小细胞外囊泡组优于脂肪干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡组。以上结果表明,组织来源小细胞外囊泡促进脂肪新生的效果优于干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-6817 (于湄) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 脂肪干细胞, 脂肪组织, 小细胞外囊泡, 细胞募集, 脂肪细胞, 脂肪新生

Abstract: BACKGROUND: De novo adipose regeneration induced by small extracellular vesicles has become a promising method for repairing soft tissue defects. However, due to different animal models and small extracellular vesicle application dosages, it is difficult to quantitatively compare the therapeutic effect of small extracellular vesicles from various sources on adipose regeneration.  
OBJECTIVE: To compare the regenerative effects of small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells and small extracellular vesicles from tissue.
METHODS: Small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells and from adipose tissue were isolated by ultracentrifugation. The particle number, particle size, morphology, and protein expression of small extracellular vesicles were identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and western blot assay. A quantitative and evaluative subcutaneous model for adipose regeneration in C57 mice was established using a customized silicone tube. The regenerative effects of induced de novo adipose were compared by cell counting and hematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells and from adipose tissue were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Both small extracellular vesicles were round-shape in transmission electron microscopy with particle size between 50-200 nm, and abundant with the small extracellular vesicles marker protein CD81, CD63 and TSG101. (2) An equal number of small extracellular vesicles were mixed with matrigel in customized silicone tubes, implanted subcutaneously in the back of mice to establish a cell-free and quantifiable adipose regeneration model. (3) On days 3 and 7 after implantation, the results of cell counting and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that both small extracellular vesicle groups recruited more host cells than the blank group, and the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue group were superior to the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cell group. (4) 4 weeks after implantation, hematoxylin-eosin staining of the contents in silicone tubes showed that small extracellular vesicles induced de novo adipose regeneration in vivo, and the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue group were superior to the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cell group. The above results indicated that small extracellular vesicles derived from tissues have a superior effect on inducing de novo adipose regeneration compared to small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells. 

Key words: adipose-derived stem cell, adipose tissue, extracellular vesicle, cell recruitment, adipocyte, de novo adipose

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