中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 308-314.doi: 10.12307/2023.875

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

肠道菌群代谢物在肥胖调控中的作用与机制

杨启航1,蒲  锐1,2,陈子扬1,2,冷思逸1,宋永晶1,刘  辉3,杜光友1   

  1. 长江大学,1教育与体育学院,2运动人体科学实验室,3医学部,湖北省荆州市  434023
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-03 接受日期:2023-02-02 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2023-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 杜光友,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,长江大学教育与体育学院,湖北省荆州市 434023 蒲锐,硕士,讲师,长江大学教育与体育学院,湖北省荆州市 434023
  • 作者简介:杨启航,男,1999年生,湖北省襄阳市人,汉族,长江大学在读硕士,主要从事运动健康促进、运动与慢性病干预研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82271514),项目负责人:刘辉;教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(17YJA890004),项目负责人:杜光友;湖北省教育厅社科基金重点项目(16D024),项目负责人:杜光友

Role and mechanism of intestinal flora metabolites in obesity regulation

Yang Qihang1, Pu Rui1, 2, Chen Ziyang1, 2, Leng Siyi1, Song Yongjing1, Liu Hui3, Du Guangyou1   

  1. 1College of Education and Sports Sciences, 2Human Science Laboratory of Exercise, 3Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2023-01-03 Accepted:2023-02-02 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2023-06-30
  • Contact: Du Guangyou, PhD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China Pu Rui, Master, Lecturer, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China; Human Science Laboratory of Exercise, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Yang Qihang, Master candidate, College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82271514 (to LH); the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Foundation Project, No. 17YJA890004 (to DGY); Key Project of Social Science Fund of Education Department of Hubei Province, No. 16D024 (to DGY)

摘要:


文题释义:

肠道菌群代谢物:人类肠道内拥有数千种不同的细菌物种与宿主和谐共生,肠道菌群代谢物短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、脂多糖、氧化三甲胺、中链脂肪酸和色氨酸衍生物等对机体的新陈代谢、肥胖和能量平衡等具有调控作用。
肠道菌群代谢物在肥胖中的调控作用:肠道菌群代谢物可作为脂质代谢的重要调节因子,可通过不同途径参与脂质合成、运输、储存和消耗等各个环节,进而在肥胖的调控中发挥关键作用。


背景:肠道菌群与宿主能量平衡和新陈代谢密切相关。肠道菌群代谢物可调控肥胖的发生发展,可成为防治肥胖新靶点。

目的:总结肠道菌群与肥胖之间的相互作用,以及对肠道菌群代谢物调控肥胖的具体作用机制进行分析,旨在为肥胖的防治提供参考与依据。
方法:以“Intestinal microbiota,intestinal bacteria,intestinal microbiota metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,lipopolysaccharide,trimethylamine N-oxide,medium-chain fatty acids,tryptophan derivatives,obesity”和“肠道菌群、肠道细菌、肠道菌群代谢物、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、脂多糖、氧化三甲胺、中链脂肪酸、色氨酸衍生物、肥胖”为检索词,检索PubMed和中国知网数据库1990-2022年发表的相关文献,根据纳入排除标准选择88篇文献。

结果与结论:①肠道菌群与肥胖的发生发展密切相关,如厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比值变化可作为肥胖诊断的生物标记物,并通过短双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和阿克曼氏菌等益生菌定植可延缓肥胖的发生。②肠道菌群主要以肠道菌群代谢物为介导参与对肥胖的调控,如短链脂肪酸可通过调节G蛋白偶联受体41,43和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ等信号通路调控脂肪生成,进而延缓肥胖的发生发展;胆汁酸可通过促进G蛋白偶联受体5和法尼醇X受体的活化,增加胰岛素敏感性和机体组织的能量消耗;此外,脂多糖、氧化三甲胺、中链脂肪酸和色氨酸衍生物还可通过各种信号通路广泛参与肥胖的发生发展。③同一菌群代谢物在调控肥胖具体过程中因其介导的信号通路不同,进而产生异质性作用,在高脂饮食影响下,乙酸可通过诱导副交感神经系统激活,导致食欲亢进和肝脏胰岛素抵抗,进而加速肥胖的生理病程。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-3481(杨启航)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 肠道菌群, 肥胖, 肠道菌群代谢物, 短链脂肪酸, 胆汁酸, 脂多糖, 氧化三甲胺

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota is closely related to host energy balance and metabolism. The metabolites of intestinal flora can regulate the occurrence and development of obesity and can be a new target for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the interaction between the intestinal flora and obesity, as well as the specific mechanism underlying regulation of obesity by metabolites of intestinal flora, thereby providing a new reference and basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
METHODS: “Intestinal microbiota, intestinal bacteria, intestinal microbiota metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, ipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine N-oxide, medium-chain fatty acids, tryptophan derivatives, obesity” were used as search terms in Chinese and English. Literature related to obesity from 1990 to 2022 was retrieved in PubMed and CNKI databases. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 88 articles were finally selected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of obesity. For example, changes in the  Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of obesity, and the occurrence of obesity can be delayed by the colonization of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Intestinal flora is mainly mediated by the metabolites of intestinal flora to participate in the regulation of obesity. For example, short-chain fatty acid can regulate adipogenesis by regulating signaling pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors 41, 43 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, thus delaying the occurrence and development of obesity. Bile acids can increase insulin sensitivity and body energy expenditure by promoting the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 5 and farnesol X receptor. In addition, lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine oxide, medium-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives are also widely involved in the occurrence and development of obesity through various signaling pathways. Further studies have found that metabolites of the same bacterial community exert heterogeneous effects in the specific process of regulating obesity via different signaling pathways. For example, under the influence of high-fat diet, acetic acids can activate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to hyperphagia and liver insulin resistance and thus accelerating the physiological course of obesity. 

Key words: intestinal flora, obesity, intestinal flora metabolite, short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine N-oxide

中图分类号: