中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3451-3456.doi: 10.12307/2023.375

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

空心拉力螺钉治疗腰椎峡部裂的三维有限元分析

高红亮1,2,李旭升1,王振虎3,张晓敏4,李  鹏1,2,张  涛1,刘  华1,李松凯1   

  1. 1中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院(原兰州总医院)全军骨科中心,甘肃省兰州市   730050;2甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,甘肃省兰州市   730030;3广东医科大学附属医院,广东省湛江市   524001;4甘肃中医药大学护理学院,甘肃省兰州市   730000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-28 接受日期:2022-06-27 出版日期:2023-08-08 发布日期:2022-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 李松凯,博士,副主任医师,研究生导师,中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院(原兰州总医院)全军骨科中心,甘肃省兰州市 730050
  • 作者简介:高红亮,男,1991年生,甘肃省漳县人,汉族,甘肃中医药大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事脊柱及骨科生物力学的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    院内应用基础研究面上项目(2021yxky008),项目负责人:李松凯;兰州市人才创新创业项目(2019-RC-65),项目负责人:李旭升;甘肃省科技计划项目(重点研发计划)(21YF1FA179),项目负责人:李松凯

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis with cannulated lag screw

Gao Hongliang1, 2, Li Xusheng1, Wang Zhenhu3, Zhang Xiaomin4, Li Peng1, 2, Zhang Tao1, Liu Hua1, Li Songkai1   

  1. 1Department of Joint Surgery, Institute of Orthopedics, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China; 2First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China; 3Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China; 4College of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2022-04-28 Accepted:2022-06-27 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-02
  • Contact: Li Songkai, MD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Joint Surgery, Institute of Orthopedics, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Gao Hongliang, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Institute of Orthopedics, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China; First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Project in the Hospital, No. 2021yxky008 (to LSK); Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project, No. 2019-RC-65 (to LXS); Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project (Key Research & Development Plan), No. 21YF1FA179 (to LSK)

摘要:

文题释义:
腰椎峡部裂(Lumbar spondylolysis):指腰椎的一侧或双侧椎弓上下关节突与横突移行区骨质不连续或骨质缺损,也称峡部不连或椎弓崩裂。
有限元分析方法(Finite element analysis):是一种为求解偏微分方程边值问题近似解的数值技术。求解时对整个问题区域进行分解,每个区域都成为简单的部分,即单元,单元之间通过节点相连接,因此就可以用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实系统。

背景:空心拉力螺钉技术治疗峡部裂有很多优势,但依然存在内固定的断裂、松动的风险。
目的:通过三维有限元软件建立L4-S正常模型、峡部裂模型及空心拉力螺钉治疗腰椎峡部裂模型,分析空心拉力螺钉治疗腰椎峡部裂的生物力学稳定性。
方法:选择1名男性健康青年军人志愿者,对志愿者腰椎、骶椎进行三维CT扫描,获取影像学数据并保存为Dicom格式。将CT数据导入Mimics research 21.0软件初步建立几何模型,并进行偏差分析,将所得模型以STEP格式输出;再导入Solidworks 21.0软件分别建立L4-S节段正常、L5双侧峡部裂、空心拉力螺钉治疗峡部裂3组模型,分别用A,B,C表示,比较轴向压缩、前屈、后伸、左侧弯、左旋转5种工况下3组模型的生物力学特点。
结果与结论:①相比于A,C模型,B模型在轴向压缩、前屈、后伸、左侧弯、左旋转5种工况下的整体最大位移均为最大,而A,C整体最大位移相差不明显;②C模型去除内固定之后,最大应力趋势与A模型相近,而B模型在左侧弯及左旋转时应力明显高于A,C模型;③3组模型的整体最大转角表明,B模型在5种工况下的最大转角明显大于A,C模型,A,C模型相似;3组模型L4椎体的活动度变化不明显;而B模型L5椎体的活动度明显高于A,C模型,在左侧旋转及左侧弯时更明显;④结果说明,脊柱生理运动状态下,空心拉力螺钉治疗腰椎峡部裂模型的变化趋势同正常模型,可获得良好的生物力学稳定性,保留了脊柱的正常力学特性,但应避免术后即刻过度的后伸及旋转。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-8840 (高红亮)

关键词: 空心拉力螺钉, 腰椎, 峡部裂, 有限元分析, 生物力学, 单椎节固定, 稳定性

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The cannulated lag screw technique has many advantages in the treatment of spondylolysis, but there is still the risk of fracture and loosening of the internal fixation. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical stability of cannulated lag screw treatment of spondylolysis by establishing L4-S normal model, spondylolysis model and cannulated lag screw treatment model of spondylolysis through three-dimensional finite element software.
METHODS: One male healthy young soldier volunteer was selected. 3D CT scan was performed on the volunteer’s lumbar spine and sacral spine. The imaging data were obtained and saved in Dicom format. CT data were imported into Mimics research 21.0 software to initially establish a geometric model, and deviation analysis was carried out. The obtained model was output in STEP format. Three groups of models of normal L4-S segment, L5 bilateral isthmus and cannulated lag screw in the treatment of spondylolysis were established after imported into Solidworks 21.0 software. They were represented by A, B and C respectively. The biomechanical characteristics of the three groups of models were compared under five motion states, such as axial compression, flexion, extension, left bending, and left rotation. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with models A and C, model B had the largest overall maximum displacement under the five working conditions of axial compression, flexion, extension, left bending, and left rotation. However, the overall maximum displacement of models A and C was not significantly different. (2) After removing the internal fixation in the model C, the maximum stress trend was similar to the model A. The stress of the model B was significantly higher than that of the models A and C during left bending and left rotation. (3) The overall maximum rotation angle of the three groups of models showed that the maximum rotation angle of the model B under the five working conditions was significantly larger than that of the models A and C. The models A and C were similar. The range of motion of the L4 vertebral body in the three groups did not change significantly. The range of motion of the L5 vertebral body in the model B was significantly higher than that in the models A and C, and it was more obvious in the left rotation and left bending. (4) These findings indicate that under the condition of physiological movement of the spine, the change trend of cannulated lag screw in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis model is the same as that of normal model, which obtains good biomechanical stability and retains the normal mechanical characteristics of the spine, but excessive extension and rotation should be avoided immediately after operation.

Key words: cannulated lag screw, lumbar vertebrae, spondylolysis, finite element analysis, biomechanics, single segment fixation, stability

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