中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3544-3549.doi: 10.12307/2023.354

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

桡骨远端中间柱掌侧Die-punch骨折手术治疗与保守治疗:谁能获得更为稳定的腕关节?

赵宇航,杨朝晖   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市   030000
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-21 接受日期:2022-05-25 出版日期:2023-08-08 发布日期:2022-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 杨朝晖,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030000
  • 作者简介:赵宇航,男,1996年生,山西省晋中市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨科创伤方向研究。

Surgical versus conservative treatment of volar Die-punch fractures of the medial column of the distal radius: who can get a more stable wrist joint?

Zhao Yuhang, Yang Zhaohui   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-03-21 Accepted:2022-05-25 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-02
  • Contact: Yang Zhaohui, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Yuhang, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

桡骨远端Die-punch骨折:1962年SCHECK对从桡骨远端月骨关节面背侧部分撕脱下来的骨折命名为Die-punch碎片,现在将月骨冲撞挤压桡骨远端月骨关节面所造成的骨折统称为Die-punch骨折。
桡骨远端三柱理论:RIKLI等提出的将桡骨远端分为外侧柱、中间柱、内侧柱3部分,外侧柱或称为桡侧柱,对腕骨是个骨性支柱,并且为关节囊内韧带提供附着点;中间柱在应力传递中起主要作用;内侧柱或称为尺侧柱,为前臂和腕部的旋转轴,同时在应力传递中起次要作用。

背景:对于多数桡骨远端Die-punch骨折,通过手法闭合复位即可达到功能复位,但是此类损伤多为中青年患者,他们对骨折愈合后腕关节功能的要求更高,是否手术治疗能取得更好的效果?
目的:分析手术与保守治疗桡骨远端中间柱掌侧Die-punch骨折的效果。
方法:选择山西医科大学第二医院2010-01-01/2020-12-31收治的桡骨远端中间柱掌侧Die-punch骨折患者41例,其中保守组(n=19)进行手法复位石膏外固定治疗,手术组(n=22)进行切开复位金属锁定接骨板置入内固定治疗。术后1年,拍摄X射线片,测量尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨高度,通过Scapholunate角、放射物角、小头角评估腕关节的稳定性,通过有效放射性月骨屈曲角评估病理性腕关节半脱位;检测腕关节活动度,通过臂、肩、手功能障碍(DASH)评分及Mayo评分评估腕关节功能。
结果与结论:①41例患者获得术后平均14.5个月随访,术后平均8.5周获得骨性愈合,未出现内固定松动、断裂等并发症;②术后1年,手术组患者掌倾角、腕关节掌屈角度大于保守组(P < 0.001),桡骨高度沉降值少于保守组(P < 0.001),腕关节不稳定率低于保守组(18%,79%,P < 0.001);手术组未出现病理性腕关节半脱位,保守组有4例出现病理性腕关节半脱位,组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.001);③术后1年,手术组患者DASH评分低于保守组(P < 0.001),Mayo评分高于保守组(P < 0.001);④结果表明,相比于保守治疗,切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端中间柱掌侧Die-punch骨折可获得更为稳定的腕关节、更优的腕关节功能。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5540-1739(赵宇航) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 金属锁定接骨板, 桡骨远端, 冲压骨折, 三柱理论, 轴向暴力, 腕关节脱位, 创伤性关节炎

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For most Die-punch fractures of the distal radius, functional reset can be achieved by manual closed reduction. However, most of these injuries are young and middle-aged patients. They have higher requirements for wrist joint function after fracture healing. It remains poorly understood whether surgical treatment can achieve better results. 
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effect of surgical treatment and conservative treatment of distal middle column Die-Punch fracture. 
METHODS: Totally 41 cases of Die-punch fractures of the volar side of the medial column of the distal radius were selected from the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. In the conservative treatment group (n=19), patients underwent manual reduction and plaster external fixation. In the surgical treatment group (n=22), patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with metal locking plate. At 1 year after surgery, the patients underwent X-ray to measure the palmar angle, ulnar deviation angle and radius height. The stability of the wrist joint was assessed by Scapolunate angle, radial angle, and capitolunate angle. Pathological wrist subluxation was assessed by effective radioscapholunateflexion angle to measure wrist range of motion. Wrist joint function was assessed by the disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand score and Mayo score. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The mean follow-up time was 14.5 months in 41 patients, and the mean bone healing was 8.5 weeks. There were no complications such as loosening and fracture of internal fixation. (2) At 1 year after surgery, the palm inclination angle and wrist flexion angle of the patients in the surgical treatment group were greater than those in the conservative treatment group (P < 0.001). Radial height settlement value was less in the surgical treatment group than that in the conservative treatment group (P < 0.001). Wrist instability rate was lower in the surgical treatment group than that in the conservative treatment group (18%, 79%; P <0.001). There was no pathological subluxation of the wrist joint in the surgical treatment group and four cases of pathological subluxation of the wrist joint in the conservative treatment group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). (3) One year after surgery, disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand score in the surgical treatment group were lower than those in the conservative treatment group (P < 0.001), and the Mayo score was higher than that in the conservative treatment group (P < 0.001). (4) The results suggest that compared with conservative treatment, open reduction and internal fixation for distal middle column palmaral Die-punch fracture can achieve more stable wrist joint and better wrist joint function. 

Key words: metal locking plate, distal radius, press fracture, three-column theory, axial violence, wrist dislocation, traumatic arthritis

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