中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (27): 4401-4405.doi: 10.12307/2022.874

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨质疏松性椎体骨折椎体成形术后新发骨折的影响因素和注意事项

王  谦1,董军峰1,2   

  1. 1三峡大学第一临床医学院(宜昌市中心人民医院)脊柱外科,湖北省宜昌市  443003;2三峡大学脊柱医学与创伤研究所,湖北省宜昌市  443003
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-30 接受日期:2021-03-24 出版日期:2022-09-28 发布日期:2022-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 董军峰,博士,副主任医师,硕士生导师,三峡大学第一临床医学院(宜昌市中心人民医院)脊柱外科,湖北省宜昌市 443003;三峡大学脊柱医学与创伤研究所,湖北省宜昌市 443003
  • 作者简介:王谦,男,1995年生,湖北省麻城市人,三峡大学外科学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科、生物材料与骨组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(青年基金项目) (31600779), 项目负责人:董军峰;宜昌市医疗卫生科研项目(A18-301-30),项目负责人:董军峰

Influencing factors and precautions of new vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Wang Qian1, Dong Junfeng1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Spinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University (Yichang Central People’s Hospital), Yichang 443003, Hubei Province, China; 2Institute for Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-30 Accepted:2021-03-24 Online:2022-09-28 Published:2022-03-12
  • Contact: Dong Junfeng, MD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University (Yichang Central People’s Hospital), Yichang 443003, Hubei Province, China; Institute for Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Wang Qian, Master candidate, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University (Yichang Central People’s Hospital), Yichang 443003, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program), No. 31600779 (to DJF); Yichang Medical and Health Research Project, No. A18-301-30 (to DJF)

摘要:

文题释义:
椎体成形术后新发椎体骨折的影响因素:①患者自身因素,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、骨质疏松、糖皮质激素、精神因素等。②椎体成形手术相关因素,包括脊柱后凸角度、手术椎体数、术中椎体恢复高度、水泥注入量和骨水泥外渗、骨水泥类型及椎体骨折部位等。可以综合为骨质疏松、椎体压力增加、椎体活动度变大3个方面。
椎体成形术:常用于治疗骨质疏松椎体骨折,是一种微创手术,指在影像引导下通过向病变椎体植入骨水泥或人工骨,从而达到修复椎体、缓解症状的目的。手术可分为经皮椎体成形和经皮椎体后凸成形两种手术方式,然而,有研究显示术后再次发生骨折的概率为20.3%,降低了手术整体疗效。

背景:椎体成形已被广泛用于临床治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,但是术后易再发椎体骨折,降低了总体疗效。
目的:分析椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折术后新发骨折的影响因素和注意事项,以指导临床的诊治,预防术后新发骨折这一常见并发症。
方法:由第一作者检索PubMed、CNKI、万方、维普等数据库中2006-2021年收录的骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折行椎体成形术后新发椎体骨折的相关文献,中文检索词为“骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,椎体成形术,新发椎体骨折”,英文检索词为“osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)、vertebroplasty、new vertebral fractures”。排除与研究相关性低、研究内容陈旧及重复性文献,然后进行综述。
结果与结论:根据是否与手术有关,将影响椎体成形术后新发椎体骨折的因素分为两类:①患者的自身因素,包括:年龄、性别、体质量指数、骨质疏松、糖皮质激素使用、精神因素等。②椎体成形手术的相关因素,包括:脊柱后凸角度、手术椎体数、术中椎体恢复高度、骨水泥注入量及骨水泥外渗等。影响因素较多,综合发现主要分为骨质疏松、椎体压力的改变、椎体活动度改变,需要从这3个方面有针对性的进行预防和治疗,降低术后新发骨折的发生,改善患者预后。改进手术方式和寻找强度更适宜、生物相容性更好、填充更方便的骨水泥将是下一步研究方向。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-983X (王谦) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 骨水泥, 骨质疏松, 椎体压缩性骨折, 椎体成形术, 新发椎体骨折, 影响因素, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vertebroplasty has been widely used in the clinical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, but postoperative vertebral fractures are easy to occur, which reduces the overall efficacy.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influencing factors and precautions of new fracture after vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, so as to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment and prevent new fracture after surgery, which is a common complication.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases for new vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from 2006 to 2021. The search terms were “osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, vertebroplasty, new vertebral fractures” in Chinese and English. The authors excluded the articles with low relevance, outdated research content and repeatability, and then made a review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The factors that affect new vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty are divided into two categories based on whether they are related to surgery: (1) the patient’s own factors, including age, gender, body mass index, osteoporosis, glucocorticoid use, and mental factors. (2) Factors related to vertebroplasty include kyphosis angle, number of vertebra, intraoperative height of vertebra recovery, cement injection volume, and bone cement extravasation. There are many influencing factors, and the comprehensive findings are mainly divided into osteoporosis, changes in vertebral pressure and changes in vertebral range of motion. It is necessary to carry out targeted prevention and treatment from these three aspects to reduce the incidence of new postoperative fractures and improve the prognosis of patients. The next research direction will be to improve the surgical method and find the bone cement with more suitable strength, better biocompatibility and more convenient filling.

Key words: bone cement, osteoporosis, vertebral compression fracture, vertebroplasty, new vertebral fractures, influencing factor, review

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