中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (21): 3375-3380.doi: 10.12307/2022.647

• 材料力学及表面改性 material mechanics and surface modification • 上一篇    下一篇

三种材质床垫对人体骶尾部早期压力性损伤的影响

杨亚兰1，钟淑贤2，石佳卉3，周俊丽3，王小俊4   

  1. 1广州华夏职业学院卫生健康学院，广东省广州市  510935；2吉林大学珠海学院健康学院，广东省珠海市  519041； 3广州中医药大学护理学院，广东省广州市  510720；4广州中医药大学第一附属医院康复护理中心，广东省广州市  510405
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-21 接受日期:2021-03-12 出版日期:2022-07-28 发布日期:2022-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 王小俊，主任护师，硕士生导师，广州中医药大学第一附属医院康复护理中心，广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:杨亚兰，女，1993年生，广东省广州市人，汉族，硕士，主要从事伤口造口研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州华夏职业学院科研项目(ZK20200110)，项目名称：基于SMART模式的慢性伤口健康教育处方模板的建立与效果评价，项目负责人：杨亚兰；广州中医药大学第一附属医院创新强院项目基金(2019ZWB04)，项目名称：五种减压床垫对人体不同卧姿压力分布影响的差异性研究，项目负责人：王小俊；广州中医药大学第一附属医院院级护理科研课题(2016HL07)，项目名称：体感音乐振动疗法在压疮高危患者预防中的应用，项目参与者：王小俊

Effects of three kinds of mattresses on early sacrococcygeal compression injury in human body

Yang Yalan1, Zhong Shuxian2, Shi Jiahui3, Zhou Junli3, Wang Xiaojun4   

  1. 1School of Public Health and Health, Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, Guangzhou 510935, Guangdong Province, China; 2School of Health, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China; 3School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510720, Guangdong Province, China; 4Rehabilitation Nursing Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-01-21 Accepted:2021-03-12 Online:2022-07-28 Published:2022-01-28
  • Contact: Wang Xiaojun, Chief nurse, Master’s supervisor, Rehabilitation Nursing Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yalan, Master, School of Public Health and Health, Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, Guangzhou 510935, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, No. ZK20200110 (to YYL); Innovation Project Fund of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019ZWB04 (to WXJ); Hospital-Level Nursing Research Project of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2016HL07 (to WXJ)

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摘要：

文题释义：
压力性损伤：是位于骨隆突处、医疗或其他器械下的皮肤和/或软组织的局部损伤，可表现为完整皮肤或开放性溃疡，可能会伴疼痛感，损伤是由于强烈和/或长期存在的压力或压力联合剪切力导致。软组织对压力和剪切力的耐受性可能会受到微环境、营养、灌注、合并症以及软组织情况的影响。
乳胶床垫：从橡胶树上采集橡胶树汁，通过精湛的技术工艺结合现代化设备和技术来进行起模、发泡、凝胶、硫化、水洗、干燥、成型和包装等工艺，生产出具有多种优良性能的适合人体优质健康睡眠的现代化绿色用品，乳胶海绵是泡孔结构为全部连孔或绝大部分连孔，少部分不连孔的多孔性橡胶材料。

背景：减轻骶尾部压力是预防骶尾部早期压力性损伤的最直接有效的方法，目前市场上材料多种多样，但是对于临床正确选用减压床垫的证据仍有不足。
目的：测量健康人持续平卧于3种材质床垫在不同时段骶尾部的压力值、骶尾部皮肤温度值以及皮肤颜色改变，旨在探索一种减压效果较优的医用床垫。
方法：选择广州中医药大学第一附属医院健康受试者33名，年龄18-35岁，体质量指数为18.5-23.9 kg/m2，于试验的第1，2，3天分别平卧于乳胶床垫、静态防压疮床垫及普通床垫上，在设定的时间点(0，0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0 h)分别检测受试者骶尾部压力值、骶尾部受压前后颜色及受压部位皮肤温度。
结果与结论：①试验0.5-2 h时，乳胶床垫组受试者骶尾部压力值均低于静态防压疮床垫组、普通床垫组(P < 0.05)；②试验0-0.5 h时，3种床垫组受试者受压部位温度值比较差异无显著性意义(P=0.587)；试验0.5-2.0 h时，乳胶床垫组受试者受压部位温度值低于静态防压疮床垫组、普通床垫组(P < 0.05)；③试验0.5-1.5 h时，3种床垫组受试者骶尾部受压部位均未发生颜色改变；试验1.5-2.0 h时，乳胶床垫组受试者骶尾部受压部位未发生颜色变化，静态防压床垫组1例发生颜色变化，普通床垫组2例发生颜色变化；④结果表明，与其他两种床垫相比，乳胶床垫可有效减轻骶尾部压力且具有良好散热透气性能，对早期压力性损伤起到有效预防作用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1077-1736 (杨亚兰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 床垫, 骶尾部, 压力性损伤, 预防, 乳胶, 压疮

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduction of sacrococcygeal pressure is the most direct and effective method to prevent the early sacrococcygeal pressure injury. Currently, there are a variety of materials in the market, but there is still insufficient evidence for the correct selection of pressure-relieving mattress in clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the sacrococcygeal pressure value, sacrococcygeal skin temperature value and observe the change of skin color of healthy people lying supine on three kinds of mattresses at different periods, in order to explore a medical mattress with better decompression effect.
METHODS: Totally 33 healthy subjects were selected from First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine aged 18 to 35 years old, body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2. At 1, 2, and 3 days of the experiment, subjects were recumbent in latex mattresses, static pressure ulcers prevention mattresses, and ordinary mattress. At set time points (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 hours), the sacral pressure value, the tail in the cauda equina compression of color, and skin temperature were detected. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 0.5-2 hours of test, the sacrotail pressure of latex mattress group was lower than that of static pressure ulcers prevention mattresses group and ordinary mattress group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the temperature values of the compression parts of the three mattress groups during 0-0.5 hours (P=0.587). During 0.5-2.0 hours of the test, the temperature of pressure position in latex mattress group was lower than that in static pressure ulcers prevention mattresses group and ordinary mattress group (P < 0.05). (3) During 0.5-1.5 hours of the test, the color of the sacrococcygeal compression parts of the subjects in the three mattress groups did not change. During the experiment of 1.5-2.0 hours, the color of the sacrococcygeal compression site of the subjects in the latex mattress group did not change, while that of the static pressure ulcers prevention mattresses group altered in one case, and that of the ordinary mattress group altered in two cases. (4) The results showed that, compared with the other two mattresses, the latex mattress can effectively reduce the sacrococcygeal pressure, and has good heat dissipation and air permeability, and plays an effective role in preventing the early pressure injury. 

Key words: mattress, sacral tail, stress injury, prevention, latex, pressure sore

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