中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 792-797.doi: 10.12307/2022.129

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

肌肉减少症:与年龄相关的肌量流失和功能下降

郑振泉,荣杰生   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院骨外科二病房,黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150081
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-28 修回日期:2021-01-05 接受日期:2021-01-30 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2021-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 荣杰生,博士,副教授,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院骨外科二病房,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150081
  • 作者简介:郑振泉,男,1990年生,黑龙江省林口县人,汉族,2021年哈尔滨医科大学毕业,硕士,主要从事关节外科的研究。

Sarcopenia: age-related muscle mass loss and functional declines

Zheng Zhenquan, Rong Jiesheng   

  1. Second Ward of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2020-12-28 Revised:2021-01-05 Accepted:2021-01-30 Online:2022-02-18 Published:2021-12-02
  • Contact: Rong Jiesheng, MD, Associate professor, Second Ward of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Zheng Zhenquan, Master, Second Ward of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
肌肉减少症:是指因持续骨骼肌量流失、强度和功能下降而引起的综合征。骨骼肌是人体运动系统的动力,肌肉的衰老和萎缩是人体衰老的重要标志,非常容易引起骨折以及关节损伤等问题。患有肌肉减少症的老年人站立困难、步履缓慢、容易跌倒骨折,肌肉减少症还会影响器官功能,可能会引发心脏和肺部衰竭,甚至死亡。
耐力运动:又称有氧运动,是最基本、最主要的运动处方。在对老年人和啮齿动物的研究中,耐力运动已被证明能有效提高衰老机体骨骼肌中线粒体的酶活性、数量和功能,并增强老年人肌肉的抗氧化能力。

背景:肌肉减少症定义为与年龄增长有关的进行性骨骼肌量减少、伴有肌肉力量和/或肌肉功能减退,并能引起意外骨折等一系列不良后果的综合征。
目的:从肌肉减少症的定义、测量方法、与骨折的相关性及防治等方面的进展进行综述。
方法:检索PubMed、知网等数据库,查阅与肌肉减少症相关的文献,中文检索词为“肌肉减少症/肌肉减少/肌肉/骨折/治疗/预防”;英文检索词为“sarcopenia/muscular atrophy/muscle/fracture/treatment/prevention”,对所有检索词进行单独及组合检索,阅读全文。
结果与结论:EWGSOP、IWGS、AWGS等工作组已经制定了肌肉减少症的标准化定义及诊断,但在PubMed上搜索出的文章中,各个研究中定义肌肉减少症的标准略有不同。患有肌肉减少症的老年人发生骨折风险增加,而对于骨质疏松症的患者来说,肌肉减少症将会造成更坏的影响;动物实验验证在肌肉减少症和骨质疏松性骨折共存的动物模型中,肌肉减少症可导致骨折愈合延迟。运动及营养干预是肌肉减少症目前普遍采用的防治方案,骨钙素、omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸、可溶性激活素ⅡB受体抗体及干细胞移植对肌肉减少症的治疗具有非常大的潜力。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9863-6300 (郑振泉) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 肌肉减少症, 诊断, 骨折, 预防, 治疗, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome of progressive reduction in age-related skeletal muscle mass, accompanied by declines in muscle strength and/or function, triggering a series of undesirable consequences such as accidental fractures. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the progress in the definition, measurement methods, correlation with fractures, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI were searched for literatures related to sarcopenia using the keywords of “sarcopenia/muscular atrophy/muscle/fracture/treatment/prevention.” Keywords were searched alone and in combination, followed by full-text reading. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: EWGSOP, IWGS, AWGS and other working groups have developed a standardized definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, the criteria for defining sarcopenia vary slightly in literatures included in PubMed. Risk of fractures is increased in older adults with sarcopenia, and sarcopenia will have a worse effect in patients with osteoporosis. Animal experiments have verified that sarcopenia and osteoporotic fractures coexist in animal models, and sarcopenia can lead to delayed fracture healing. Exercise and nutrition intervention are currently used prevention and treatment programs. Osteocalcin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble activin IIB receptor and stem cell transplantation have great potential in the treatment of sarcopenia.

Key words: sarcopenia, diagnosis, fracture, prevention, treatment, review

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