中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (14): 2273-2278.doi: 10.12307/2022.494

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物及非生物因素诱导肺纤维化动物模型研究的特点

郭琦琦 1,李  毅1,翁桓泽1,王  倩2,贾  敏1,2   

  1. 西安医学院,1基础与转化医学研究所,2基础医学部机能实验中心,陕西省西安市   710021
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22 修回日期:2021-03-31 接受日期:2021-06-15 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2021-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 贾敏,女,博士,副教授,西安医学院基础与转化医学研究所,西安医学院基础医学部机能实验中心,陕西省西安市 710021
  • 作者简介:郭琦琦,女,1999年生,陕西省西安市人,汉族,主要从事呼吸系统疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科技创新基地-科技资源开放共享平台项目基金(2019PT-26);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划基金(2020JM-609),项目负责人:王倩;西安医学院博士科研启动基金(2020DOC23),项目负责人:贾敏

Advances in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis induced by biotic and abiotic factors

Guo Qiqi1, Li Yi1, Weng Huanze1, Wang Qian2, Jia Min1, 2    

  1. 1Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-22 Revised:2021-03-31 Accepted:2021-06-15 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2021-12-22
  • Contact: Jia Min, MD, Associate professor, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Guo Qiqi, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Base-Science and Technology Resource Open Sharing Platform Project, No. 2019PT-26 (to CYL); Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program, No. 2020JM-609 (to WQ); Doctoral Research Startup Fund of Xi'an Medical University, No. 2020DOC23 (to JM) 

摘要:

文题释义:
肺纤维化:是一种由各种原因引起,多种因素造成的肺部损伤性疾病,主要发病机制为肺成纤维细胞在受到生物或非生物因子刺激后,引起大量胶原沉积,导致肺组织纤维化,肺功能异常。
博来霉素:又名争光霉素,是从轮生链霉菌中提取的一种广谱抗肿瘤药物,由于其有引起肺纤维化的毒副反应,故常用于实验室中肺纤维化的造模。

背景:肺纤维化是一种发病机制不明,预后极差的慢性肺组织损伤疾病,目前常用的肺纤维化动物模型多见于由生物因素或非生物因素诱导,对研究肺纤维化的发病过程、形态功能改变及治疗具有重大意义。但是大多数研究并没有系统阐明生物因素及非生物因素引起的肺纤维化模型动物的差异。
目的:综述肺纤维动物模型的构建方法,为临床上该病的进一步研究提供参考,同时对今后进一步完善肺纤维化模型提供设计思路。
方法:通过查阅1998-2021年为主的文献,检索数据库包括中国知网、万方数据、PubMed、Coremine、SCI-HUB和GeenMedical数据库;以“肺纤维化、肺纤维化动物模型、生物因素、非生物因素”作为中文关键词;以“Pulmonary fibrosis,Animal model of pulmonary fibrosis,Biological factors,Abiotic factors”为英文检索词进行检索;最终共纳入51篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①肺纤维化动物模型的建立方法主要分为生物因素及非生物因素2大类。②采用非生物因素诱导建立肺纤维化模型的方法虽然在产生肺纤维化程度上较为不稳定,但在药物选择和给药途径方面具有多样性,且操作简单,价格低廉,所以在造模方式的选择上较为常见,非生物因素诱导建立的肺纤维化模型主要包括药物/毒物因素(博来霉素、胺碘酮、油酸、百草枯及异硫氰酸荧光素)、环境因素(二氧化硅、石棉及高浓度氧)和其他因素(人源化及老年化)诱导的模型构建建模方法。③生物因素诱导的肺纤维化模型,多见于选择细胞因子过表达或靶向Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞损伤,这类模型与肺纤维化临床后期表现更为相似,且模型稳定性好,但是价格较昂贵。④诸多肺纤维化动物模型造模方法中以博来霉素诱导的建模方法较为常用,此法可选择多样化的给药方式、且在使用鼻饲给药时稳定性较高,造模时相对安全不易产生意外导致小鼠死亡、造模的周期短和建模价格低廉,但此方法的缺点是诱导的纤维化只是间质性纤维化的一般形态而不具有特异性;而在环境因素诱导的建模中,最推荐的诱导物为二氧化硅,但由于环境因素在造模的过程中对人体损害很大,现已很少使用。⑤文章综合考虑认为,通过对肺纤维化动物模型的生物因素及非生物因素造模方法进行比较,有助于在动物实验过程中选择合适的模型;根据研究者自身的实验目的及需求,以博来霉素鼻饲诱导建立肺纤维化动物模型是较好的选择。 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3750 (贾敏) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 模型, 动物, 肺纤维化, 生物因素, 非生物因素, 药物诱导, 环境诱导, 博来霉素, 人源化小鼠模型

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung tissue injury with unknown pathogenesis and poor prognosis. At present, the commonly used animal models of pulmonary fibrosis are induced by biological or abiotic factors, which are of great significance to study the pathogenesis, morphological and functional changes and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. However, most studies have not systematically elucidated the differences between biological and abiotic factors induced pulmonary fibrosis model animals.
OBJECTIVE: To review the construction methods of animal models of pulmonary fibrosis so as to provide references for further clinical research and provide design ideas for further improvement of pulmonary fibrosis models in the future.
METHODS: Relevant literatures from 1998 to 2021 were retrieved in CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, Coremine, SCI-HUB and GeenMedical databases. The keywords used were “pulmonary fibrosis, animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, biological factors, abiotic factors” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 51 articles were included for further review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Animal models of pulmonary fibrosis can be established using biological factors and abiotic factors. Although the pulmonary fibrosis model that is induced by abiotic factors is unstable in the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, it is commonly used because of diverse drugs and routes of administration, easy to operate, and low cost. The methods used for establishing the pulmonary fibrosis model induced by abiotic factors mainly include drug/toxic factors (bleomycin, amiodarone, oleic acid, paraquat, fluorescein isothiocyanate), environmental factors (silica, asbestos, high concentration of oxygen) and other factors (humanization and aging). Pulmonary fibrosis models induced by biological factors are more common induced by cytokine overexpression or targeting type II alveolar epithelial cell damage. This type of model has similar clinical manifestation with pulmonary fibrosis in the late stage, which is stable but expensive. Bleomycin-induced modeling method is more commonly used. This method allows a variety of drug-delivery ways, and has high stability when using nasal feeding. It is safe and less liable to cause accidental death of mice, and has short modeling cycle and low modeling cost. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the induced fibrosis is only the general form of interstitial fibrosis without specificity; and when modeling using environmental factors, the most recommended inducer is silica, but it is now rarely used due to a great damage to the human body. This review considers comprehensively that comparing biological and abiotic factors in the establishment of the animal models of pulmonary fibrosis will help to select the appropriate model in animal experiments; as per the researchers’ own experimental purpose and needs, it is a better choice to induce the pulmonary fibrosis model using bleomycin via nasal feeding.

Key words: model, animal, pulmonary fibrosis, biological factors, abiotic factors, drug induction, environmental induction, bleomycin, humanized mouse model

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